Question 1

Which research design in developmental psychology best allows for the study of changes within the same individuals over time, and what is a major limitation of this method?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal design; limitation is participant attrition

Question 2

A researcher finds that children exposed to high levels of maternal fluoride during pregnancy have slightly lower IQ scores at age 4. What is the independent variable (IV) and dependent variable (DV) in this study?

Accepted Answer

IV: Maternal fluoride exposure; DV: Child's IQ score

Question 3

Which of the following substances is most likely to cause limb malformations if exposure occurs during the earliest stages of prenatal development?

Accepted Answer

Thalidomide

Question 4

According to Piaget, which cognitive milestone is achieved during the sensorimotor stage?

Accepted Answer

Understanding of object permanence

Question 5

A child believes that when they cover their eyes, others cannot see them. According to Piaget, this is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism in the preoperational stage

Question 6

Which parenting style is most strongly associated with children who are self-reliant, independent, and have good social skills?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 7

Which attachment style is characterized by a child who is distressed when their caregiver leaves but avoids them upon return?

Accepted Answer

Ambivalent

Question 8

A child is able to understand that the amount of liquid remains the same when poured into a different-shaped glass. According to Piaget, which stage has this child reached?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the concept of 'kindchenschema'?

Accepted Answer

A set of physical features in infants that trigger caregiving and affection in adults

Question 10

Which of the following is a criticism of Ainsworth’s Strange Situation and attachment theory?

Accepted Answer

It ignores the role of temperament and cultural differences in attachment

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors compared to adults?

Accepted Answer

Their prefrontal cortex is still developing, but their reward system is highly active

Question 12

According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults tend to:

Accepted Answer

Prioritize positive, meaningful experiences and relationships

Question 13

Which of the following is a protective factor for marital satisfaction after having children?

Accepted Answer

Good communication and conflict management

Question 14

A child who is indifferent and rejecting toward their parents, and whose parents are emotionally detached, is most likely experiencing which parenting style?

Accepted Answer

Uninvolved

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of assimilation in Piaget’s theory?

Accepted Answer

Fitting new experiences into existing schemas

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of a teratogen and its effect?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol exposure causing Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

Question 17

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'introjection' as discussed in the context of parenting?

Accepted Answer

A child internalizes the message that they are only worthy if they perform well

Question 18

Which of the following strategies is most effective for fostering internal moral values in children?

Accepted Answer

Inductive discipline that explains how actions affect others

Question 19

Which of the following is a key feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget’s theory?

Accepted Answer

Logical and abstract thinking

Question 20

Which of the following activities has been shown to improve cognitive functioning in late adulthood?

Accepted Answer

Playing video games

Lifespan Development: Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

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