Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between intellectual disabilities and learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

Intellectual disabilities refer to global deficits in cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior, whereas learning disabilities are specific deficits in academic skills despite average or above-average intelligence.

Question 2

A researcher wants to study the effects of parental divorce on children's academic achievement by following the same group of children over 10 years. Which research method is being used?

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal study

Question 3

In a correlational study examining the relationship between hours spent studying and exam scores, which variable is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

Exam scores

Question 4

Which of the following best illustrates brain plasticity?

Accepted Answer

A child who learns to speak two languages fluently before age 7

Question 5

According to Piaget, which stage is characterized by the ability to think logically about concrete events but not abstract concepts?

Accepted Answer

Concrete operational stage

Question 6

A child who shows distress when separated from their caregiver but is easily comforted upon reunion is demonstrating which attachment style?

Accepted Answer

Secure attachment

Question 7

Baumrind identified several parenting styles. Which style is associated with high warmth and high control, often leading to positive child outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Authoritative

Question 8

Kohlberg’s theory of moral development includes which of the following stages?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional, Conventional, Postconventional

Question 9

Which scenario best demonstrates the concept of operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A student receives praise for turning in homework on time, increasing the likelihood of future timely submissions.

Question 10

Which of the following is a real-world example of classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A person feels anxious when hearing the sound of a dentist’s drill after a painful experience.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between primary and secondary aging?

Accepted Answer

Primary aging refers to age-related changes that are universal and inevitable, while secondary aging results from disease, lifestyle, and environmental factors.

Question 12

According to Erikson’s psychosocial theory, which stage involves the challenge of developing a sense of identity?

Accepted Answer

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five personality traits?

Accepted Answer

Intelligence

Question 14

A researcher finds a correlation coefficient $$r = 0.85$$ between hours of sleep and memory performance. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong positive relationship between sleep and memory.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between popular children and rejected children in peer relationships?

Accepted Answer

Popular children are accepted and liked by peers, while rejected children are actively disliked and excluded.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a longitudinal study?

Accepted Answer

Observing a group of children’s reading skills every year from age 5 to 15.

Question 17

According to research, which factor is most likely to increase the risk of negative outcomes for children after parental divorce?

Accepted Answer

High levels of parental conflict and lack of stability

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of media violence affecting children’s behavior?

Accepted Answer

Children who watch violent TV shows are more likely to imitate aggressive behaviors in real life.

Question 19

Which of the following is a critical period in language development according to research?

Accepted Answer

Age 2 to puberty

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the concept of nature versus nurture in development?

Accepted Answer

Nature refers to genetic inheritance, while nurture refers to environmental influences.

Lifespan Developmental Psychology: Final Exam Review Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards