Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three-stage model of memory?

Accepted Answer

Information must pass through sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory in sequence to be remembered.

Question 2

A student is able to remember a long string of numbers by grouping them into meaningful units, such as years or phone numbers. This strategy is known as:

Accepted Answer

Chunking

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of procedural memory?

Accepted Answer

Remembering how to ride a bicycle

Question 4

According to the levels of processing theory, which of the following study strategies would most likely result in the best long-term retention?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing the meaning of the material and relating it to personal experiences

Question 5

A person is unable to form new memories after a brain injury but can still recall events from before the injury. This condition is known as:

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 6

Which brain structure is most closely associated with the consolidation of new declarative memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 7

The misinformation effect demonstrates that:

Accepted Answer

Post-event information can alter or become incorporated into a person's original memory.

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates context-dependent learning?

Accepted Answer

A student performs better on a test when it is taken in the same classroom where the material was learned.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of the primacy effect?

Accepted Answer

Remembering the first few items on a grocery list better than those in the middle.

Question 10

A witness to a crime is asked to identify the suspect from a lineup. The lineup contains the suspect and several other individuals who are not suspects. These other individuals are called:

Accepted Answer

Foils or distractors

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A retrieval failure where a person is sure they know information but cannot recall it at the moment.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

Vividly recalling where you were during the 9/11 attacks.

Question 13

Which of the following is most likely to cause encoding failure?

Accepted Answer

Not paying attention to the information when it is first presented.

Question 14

A person learns a friend's old email address and later has trouble remembering their new one because the old address keeps coming to mind. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Proactive interference

Question 15

Which of the following statements about memory is supported by research on false memories?

Accepted Answer

People can be led to remember events that never actually happened.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between recall and recognition?

Accepted Answer

Recall requires retrieving information without cues, while recognition involves identifying information when presented with options.

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of the reconstructive nature of memory?

Accepted Answer

A witness's memory of a robbery changes after hearing other people's accounts.

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to be stored in non-declarative (implicit) memory?

Accepted Answer

Knowing how to tie your shoes

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eyewitness misidentification is a leading cause of wrongful convictions?

Accepted Answer

Memory is reconstructive and can be influenced by suggestion and misinformation.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents Miller's 'magic number' for short-term memory capacity?

Accepted Answer

$7 \pm 2$

Memory: Foundations, Processes, and Errors

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