Question 1

According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin Model (1968), which memory system is characterized by a large capacity but a very short duration (300-500 ms)?

Accepted Answer

Sensory Memory

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the capacity of Short-Term Memory (STM) as found in classic studies?

Accepted Answer

$7 \pm 2$ items

Question 3

A chess expert is able to remember the positions of pieces on a chessboard better than a novice, but only when the pieces are in actual game positions. This phenomenon is best explained by:

Accepted Answer

The chunking of information based on prior knowledge

Question 4

Which process is most effective for overcoming memory decay according to the Ebbinghaus forgetting curve?

Accepted Answer

Spaced practice

Question 5

In Baddeley & Hitch's Working Memory Model, which component is responsible for maintaining and manipulating visual and spatial information?

Accepted Answer

Visuospatial sketchpad

Question 6

Which type of long-term memory involves learned skills and habits, such as riding a bicycle?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory (implicit)

Question 7

Patient H.M. suffered from anterograde amnesia after surgery. Which of the following best describes his condition?

Accepted Answer

He could not form new long-term memories but retained working memory and old long-term memories.

Question 8

The serial position effect demonstrates that people are more likely to remember items presented at the beginning and end of a list. What are these effects called?

Accepted Answer

Primacy and recency effects

Question 9

According to the Levels of Processing (LOP) framework, which type of rehearsal leads to better long-term retention?

Accepted Answer

Elaborative rehearsal

Question 10

Which of the following best illustrates context-dependent memory?

Accepted Answer

Recalling information better when tested in the same environment where it was learned

Question 11

Which brain structure is most critical for the formation of new explicit (declarative) memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of implicit memory?

Accepted Answer

Riding a bicycle without consciously thinking about the movements

Question 13

Which experimental finding supports the existence of sensory memory?

Accepted Answer

Sperling's partial report paradigm

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

Memory is facilitated when retrieval conditions match those at encoding

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley & Hitch's Working Memory Model?

Accepted Answer

Procedural memory

Question 16

A student studies for an exam in the library and performs better when the exam is also held in the library. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Context-dependent memory

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of priming?

Accepted Answer

Faster recognition of the word 'nurse' after seeing the word 'doctor'

Question 18

Which type of amnesia involves difficulty forming new long-term memories after brain injury?

Accepted Answer

Anterograde amnesia

Question 19

According to Hebb's Law, which phrase best summarizes the principle of long-term potentiation (LTP)?

Accepted Answer

"Neurons that fire together, wire together"

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why chunking improves short-term memory performance?

Accepted Answer

It groups information into meaningful units, reducing the number of items to remember

Memory Systems and Processes: Study Notes for Psychology Students

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards