Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between short-term memory and long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

Short-term memory stores a limited amount of information for about 20 seconds without rehearsal, while long-term memory stores an unlimited amount for perhaps a lifetime.

Question 2

A student is able to remember the first and last items on a grocery list but struggles to recall the middle items. Which memory phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Serial position effect

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of semantic memory?

Accepted Answer

Knowing that Paris is the capital of France

Question 4

According to the first graph, what happens to the percentage of people who recall consonants as the time between presentation and recall increases (with no rehearsal allowed)?

Accepted Answer

It decreases rapidly.

Question 5

Which brain structure is most closely associated with the formation of new explicit (declarative) memories?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 6

A person is unable to remember where they learned a particular fact, even though they remember the fact itself. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Source amnesia

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of chunking as a memory strategy?

Accepted Answer

Grouping a 12-digit number into sets of four digits each

Question 8

Which of the following is most likely to improve long-term retention of information?

Accepted Answer

Studying material repeatedly over several days (spacing effect)

Question 9

A witness is asked, 'Did you see a barn in the film?' and later recalls seeing a barn, even though there was none. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Misinformation effect

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why recall is better after sleep, as shown in the third graph?

Accepted Answer

Sleep reduces interference from new information, allowing better consolidation of memories.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of proactive interference?

Accepted Answer

You call your new partner by your ex-partner's name.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of rehearsal in memory?

Accepted Answer

Rehearsal helps transfer information from short-term to long-term memory.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of the encoding specificity principle?

Accepted Answer

You remember more words from a list when you study them in the same room where you will be tested.

Question 14

Which of the following is a non-declarative (implicit) memory?

Accepted Answer

Knowing how to ride a bicycle

Question 15

Which of the following strategies would be most effective for improving recall of complex information?

Accepted Answer

Organizing information into hierarchies and using imagery

Question 16

Which of the following best describes long-term potentiation?

Accepted Answer

An increase in synaptic efficiency that is believed to underlie learning and memory

Question 17

A student studies for an exam by making up personal examples for each concept. Which encoding strategy is the student using?

Accepted Answer

Meaning (semantic encoding)

Question 18

Which of the following is most likely to result in a flashbulb memory?

Accepted Answer

Experiencing a highly emotional event, such as a natural disaster

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why eyewitness testimony can be unreliable?

Accepted Answer

Memory is reconstructive and can be influenced by misinformation and leading questions.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the testing effect?

Accepted Answer

You remember information better after repeatedly retrieving it through self-testing.

Memory: Types, Processes, and Strategies

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