$$TFR = \frac{\text{Total number of births in a year}}{\text{Number of women of childbearing age}}$$

Question 1

According to Kohlberg's theory of moral development, which reasoning best represents the postconventional or principled level in the Heinz dilemma?

Accepted Answer

Heinz should steal the drug because the protection of human life is a higher moral principle that can overrule laws against stealing.

Question 2

Which criticism of Kohlberg's theory is most closely related to cultural differences?

Accepted Answer

It may not apply equally to individualist vs collectivist cultures.

Question 3

A person decides not to steal because they fear punishment. According to Kohlberg, which level of moral development does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Preconventional level

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the conventional level of moral reasoning in Kohlberg's theory?

Accepted Answer

Decisions are based on social approval and maintaining social order.

Question 5

In the context of adult transitions, which of the following is NOT a common reason for looking for a new job according to the provided chart?

Accepted Answer

Want to retire early

Question 6

Based on the data, which age group of mothers in Canada has seen an increase in birth rates from 2001 to 2016?

Accepted Answer

30 to 34 years

Question 7

If a researcher finds that moral reasoning is highly correlated with verbal intelligence, which criticism of Kohlberg's theory does this support?

Accepted Answer

It is correlated with verbal intelligence.

Question 8

Which formula would you use to calculate the total fertility rate (TFR) for a given year, as shown in the Canadian fertility rate graph?

Accepted Answer

$$TFR = \frac{	ext{Total number of births in a year}}{	ext{Number of women of childbearing age}}$$

Question 9

Which living arrangement among persons aged 20 to 34 in Canada has decreased from 2001 to 2021 according to the provided data?

Accepted Answer

Living with a spouse, partner and/or child

Question 10

A 45-year-old woman is considering having a child. Based on the data about Down syndrome by mother's age, what can be inferred?

Accepted Answer

Her risk of having a child with Down syndrome is significantly higher than younger mothers.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates a transition in adulthood related to commitment?

Accepted Answer

Getting married or entering a common-law relationship

Question 12

According to the graph on couple households, which age group has the highest proportion of people living as part of a couple in 2021?

Accepted Answer

30-34 years

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world application of the concept of 'environmental fit' in old age?

Accepted Answer

An elderly person moves to a retirement community that offers activities matching their interests and abilities.

Question 14

Which statement best reflects the difference between 'justice' and 'caring' orientations in moral reasoning?

Accepted Answer

'Justice' orientation emphasizes fairness and rights, while 'caring' orientation emphasizes relationships and empathy.

Question 15

If Canada's fertility rate in 2023 is 1.4, what does this imply about population replacement?

Accepted Answer

The population will likely decline over time without immigration.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the concept of control versus dependency in old age?

Accepted Answer

An older adult who can manage daily tasks independently feels more satisfied than one who relies on others for basic needs.

Question 17

Which equation best represents the calculation of the proportion of a population living as part of a couple?

Accepted Answer

$$P = \frac{	ext{Number of people living as part of a couple}}{	ext{Total population aged 15 and older}} 	imes 100$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a plausible reason for dissatisfaction in old age according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Inability to maximize capacity and environmental demands being too great.

Question 19

Which transition in adulthood is most likely to be influenced by economic factors, as shown in the job search chart?

Accepted Answer

Wanting a better paying job

Question 20

A student argues that moral reasoning should always lead to moral behavior. Which criticism of Kohlberg's theory challenges this view?

Accepted Answer

Moral reasoning is not always associated with moral behavior.

Moral Development and Adult Transitions: Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

Study Guide - Practice Questions