Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of heritability in behavior genetics?

Accepted Answer

The proportion of variation among individuals in a population that is due to genetic factors.

Question 2

A researcher finds that identical twins raised apart are more similar in personality than fraternal twins raised together. What does this suggest about the influence of genetics and environment?

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors have a stronger influence on personality than shared environment.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an epigenetic effect?

Accepted Answer

A stressful childhood experience leads to chemical changes that affect gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.

Question 4

In the context of cultural diversity, which statement best distinguishes individualist from collectivist cultures?

Accepted Answer

Individualist cultures emphasize personal achievement and independence, while collectivist cultures emphasize group goals and interdependence.

Question 5

Which formula correctly represents heritability ($h^2$) as used in behavior genetics?

Accepted Answer

$h^2 = \frac{V_G}{V_P}$

Question 6

A psychologist is studying the effects of prenatal nutrition on intelligence. Which type of influence is being examined?

Accepted Answer

Environmental influence

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A child with a genetic predisposition for musical ability excels when given music lessons.

Question 8

Which statement about adoption studies is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Adopted children tend to resemble their biological parents more than their adoptive parents in personality.

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of collectivist cultures?

Accepted Answer

Emphasis on personal achievement and fulfillment

Question 10

A set of siblings are raised in the same household, but only one develops a particular trait. Which concept best explains this outcome?

Accepted Answer

Nonshared environmental influences

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of chromosomes in heredity?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are structures made of DNA that contain genes, the units of heredity.

Question 12

If a trait is polygenic, what does this mean?

Accepted Answer

The trait is influenced by many genes, each with a small effect.

Question 13

Which scenario best demonstrates the concept of temperament?

Accepted Answer

A baby consistently reacts to new situations with high emotional intensity and this pattern persists into adulthood.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct statement about the psychosocial approach to development?

Accepted Answer

It considers biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors in understanding development.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic) twins?

Accepted Answer

Identical twins develop from a single fertilized egg and share nearly all their genes, while fraternal twins develop from two separate eggs and are genetically similar to ordinary siblings.

Question 16

A researcher is interested in how methyl groups added to DNA can affect gene expression. This research is most closely related to which field?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a shared environmental influence?

Accepted Answer

Siblings growing up in the same household with the same parents.

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of gene-environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A person with a genetic predisposition for anxiety develops symptoms only after experiencing a traumatic event.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the influence of parents and peers is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Parents influence children's values, politics, education, and faith, while peers have a stronger influence on social behaviors.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between nature and nurture in human development?

Accepted Answer

Nature and nurture interact within an open system to shape development.

Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity: Behavior Genetics and Individual Differences

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