Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

It integrates sensory information and coordinates both voluntary and involuntary responses.

Question 2

Which structure is primarily responsible for keeping the brain buoyant and removing waste products?

Accepted Answer

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

Question 3

A patient suffers a coup-contrecoup injury in a car accident. Which of the following best explains this type of injury?

Accepted Answer

It involves the brain being injured at the site of impact and on the opposite side due to movement within the skull.

Question 4

Which of the following statements about white matter is correct?

Accepted Answer

White matter is composed of fat and is important for long-distance communication in the brain.

Question 5

The gyri and sulci of the cerebral cortex serve what primary function?

Accepted Answer

They increase the surface area of the brain, allowing for more neurons.

Question 6

Which of the following best differentiates afferent and efferent pathways in the nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Afferent pathways carry incoming sensory information; efferent pathways carry outgoing motor information.

Question 7

A person is exposed to a stressful situation and experiences increased heart rate and rapid breathing. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for this response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

Question 8

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Promoting rest and digest activities, such as calming the heart rate

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

It connects the left and right hemispheres of the brain, allowing communication between them.

Question 10

A patient has damage to the basal ganglia. Which of the following symptoms is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty with movement and motor control

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the ventricles in the brain?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for producing and circulating cerebrospinal fluid.

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why the brain has a folded structure with gyri and sulci?

Accepted Answer

To increase the surface area for more neurons and higher processing capacity

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct statement about the difference between the CNS and PNS?

Accepted Answer

The CNS includes the brain and spinal cord, while the PNS includes all nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.

Question 14

A person touches a hot stove and quickly withdraws their hand before feeling pain. Which neural process best explains this response?

Accepted Answer

The response is a spinal reflex, processed in the spinal cord before the brain is involved.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the function of grey matter in the brain?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in local processing and contains neuron cell bodies.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world example of the mammalian diving reflex being used therapeutically?

Accepted Answer

Using cold showers to help calm the heart rate during anxiety attacks

Question 17

If a person has a lesion that destroys some brain cells, why might some functions never fully recover?

Accepted Answer

Because brain cells, once destroyed, cannot always be restored.

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between the number of gyri ($$n_g$$), sulci ($$n_s$$), and total cortical surface area ($$A) in $$the brain, assuming each fold increases area by a constant $$k$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = k \cdot (n_g + n_s)$$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It regulates involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion.

Question 20

A person is unable to feel touch, vision, or hearing. Which part of the nervous system is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Peripheral nervous system

Nervous System Structure and Organization: Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards