$$\text{Heritability} = \frac{\text{Genetic variance}}{\text{Genetic variance} + \text{Environmental variance}}$$

Question 1

Which part of the neuron is primarily responsible for receiving incoming signals from other neurons?

Accepted Answer

Dendrites

Question 2

A neuron at rest has a membrane potential of approximately $$-70\ 	ext{mV}. $$What causes this resting potential?

Accepted Answer

Difference in ion concentration across the membrane, maintained by selective permeability and ion pumps

Question 3

Which type of neuron is responsible for carrying information from the central nervous system to muscles and glands?

Accepted Answer

Motor neurons

Question 4

During an action potential, which event occurs immediately after the membrane potential reaches threshold?

Accepted Answer

Sodium channels open, allowing $$Na^+ to $$enter the cell

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most directly involved in enhancing memory formation in the brain?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 6

A drug that blocks the reuptake of serotonin in the synaptic cleft acts as:

Accepted Answer

An agonist

Question 7

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating basic drives such as hunger, thirst, and sexual behavior?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 8

If a person has difficulty forming new memories after a brain injury, which structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

Accepted Answer

Connects the left and right cerebral hemispheres, allowing communication between them

Question 10

Which statement about heritability is correct?

Accepted Answer

Heritability estimates the extent to which genetic differences contribute to differences in a trait among individuals in a population

Question 11

A researcher finds that identical twins reared apart have similar IQ scores. This finding most strongly supports the influence of:

Accepted Answer

Genetic factors

Question 12

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between heritability, genetic variance, and environmental variance?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Heritability} = \frac{	ext{Genetic variance}}{	ext{Genetic variance} + 	ext{Environmental variance}}$$

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of a gene x environment interaction?

Accepted Answer

A child with a genetic predisposition for high intelligence who excels only when provided with educational resources

Question 14

Which neurotransmitter is primarily inhibitory in the brain and is involved in reducing anxiety?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 15

Which lobe of the brain is most associated with processing auditory information and language?

Accepted Answer

Temporal lobe

Question 16

A patient is unable to move their right arm after a stroke. Which area of the brain is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Left motor cortex

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the refractory period during an action potential?

Accepted Answer

The time when the neuron is hyperpolarized and cannot fire another action potential

Question 18

Which structure in the limbic system is most involved in emotional responses, particularly fear?

Accepted Answer

Amygdala

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the sympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses by increasing heart rate and releasing adrenaline

Question 20

Which statement best describes epigenetics?

Accepted Answer

Epigenetics refers to heritable changes in phenotype or gene expression without changes in DNA sequence

chapter 3 notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions