Question 1

According to Harry Stack Sullivan, personality can only be observed in which context?

Accepted Answer

In interpersonal interaction

Question 2

Karen Horney described 'moving against people' as a neurotic need. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of this orientation?

Accepted Answer

Seeking affection and approval

Question 3

Erich Fromm identified five special needs of humans. Which need is associated with the desire to rise above one's animal nature and create meaning?

Accepted Answer

Transcendence

Question 4

Raymond Cattell's factor analysis led to the identification of 16 personality factors. What is the primary purpose of factor analysis in this context?

Accepted Answer

To predict what a person will do

Question 5

Hans Eysenck proposed three dimensions of temperament. Which dimension is associated with the continuum between sociability and reservedness?

Accepted Answer

Extraversion vs. introversion

Question 6

According to Carl Rogers, which process is essential for personality change?

Accepted Answer

Reflection and self-actualization

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the 'OCEAN' traits in the Big Five Theory?

Accepted Answer

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 8

In Sullivan's theory, which cognitive mode involves the illogical connection of events and is often seen in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Parataxic

Question 9

Erich Fromm's concept of 'mechanisms of escape' includes all of the following EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 10

Gordon Allport's triad of personality organization includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Personality is within the individual, psychophysical, and dynamically organized

Question 11

According to Karen Horney, which defense mechanism involves rejecting one's own feelings of anxiety by attributing them to others?

Accepted Answer

Projection

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT one of the five special needs identified by Fromm?

Accepted Answer

Self-actualization

Question 13

In the context of trait theory, which formula best represents the prediction of behavior according to Cattell?

Accepted Answer

$$Behavior = f(Surface\ Traits, Source\ Traits)$$

Question 14

RD Laing's existential phenomenology emphasizes which aspect of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

It cannot be understood outside the person's experience

Question 15

According to Sullivan, which process is most disrupted in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Parataxic communication

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the difference between Allport's cardinal and central dispositions?

Accepted Answer

Cardinal dispositions dominate an individual's personality; central dispositions are less pervasive but still influential

Question 17

In Eysenck's theory, which formula represents the relationship between arousal and performance for introverts and extraverts?

Accepted Answer

$$Performance = f(Arousal)$$

Question 18

Kelly's Personal Construct Theory includes the concept of 'constructive alternativism.' What does this mean?

Accepted Answer

People can choose among alternative ways of construing the world

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world implication of Carl Rogers' Person Centered Theory for education?

Accepted Answer

Teachers should provide unconditional positive regard to students

Question 20

According to Fromm, which character orientation is considered productive and links society, family, and individual?

Accepted Answer

Biophilous

Personality Theories and Humanistic Psychology: Key Concepts and Approaches

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