Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the main focus of cognitive psychology?

Accepted Answer

Investigating how people perceive, remember, and solve problems

Question 2

A psychologist is interested in how children’s friendships change as they grow older. Which subfield of psychology does this research most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Developmental psychology

Question 3

Which school of thought in psychology emphasized the study of the structure of conscious experience through introspection?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism

Question 4

A researcher wants to study the effect of caffeine on memory. She gives one group of participants caffeine and another group a placebo, then measures their recall of a word list. In this experiment, what is the independent variable?

Accepted Answer

The amount of caffeine given to participants

Question 5

Which research method is best suited for studying rare psychological disorders in depth, but is limited in its ability to generalize findings to the broader population?

Accepted Answer

Case study

Question 6

A correlation coefficient is calculated as $$r = -0.85. $$What does this indicate about the relationship between two variables?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong negative relationship between the variables.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the body for 'fight or flight' responses.

Question 8

Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for processing visual information?

Accepted Answer

Occipital lobe

Question 9

A patient has difficulty forming new memories after a brain injury. Which structure in the limbic system is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Hippocampus

Question 10

Which of the following best distinguishes sensation from perception?

Accepted Answer

Sensation is the process of detecting environmental stimuli, while perception is the interpretation of those stimuli.

Question 11

If a person can detect a sound only when it is above a certain volume, this minimum level is known as the:

Accepted Answer

Absolute threshold

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about rods and cones in the human eye?

Accepted Answer

Rods are more sensitive to low light, while cones are responsible for color vision.

Question 13

Which sense is primarily responsible for detecting the position and movement of body parts?

Accepted Answer

Kinesthetic sense

Question 14

A person who is physically dependent on a drug will most likely experience which of the following if they suddenly stop using it?

Accepted Answer

Withdrawal symptoms

Question 15

Which class of psychoactive drugs includes substances like LSD and psilocybin, and is known for altering perception and causing hallucinations?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens

Question 16

A researcher wants to understand how stress affects immune function. She collects both survey data (quantitative) and conducts in-depth interviews (qualitative) with participants. What type of research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Mixed methods

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the thalamus?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a relay station for sensory information to the cortex.

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of top-down processing?

Accepted Answer

Recognizing your friend's face in a crowd based on your memory of their features.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about reliability and validity is correct?

Accepted Answer

A test can be reliable without being valid.

Question 20

A person is startled by a loud noise, causing their heart rate to increase and their pupils to dilate. Which division of the nervous system is primarily responsible for these changes?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

PSY 101: Introduction to Psychology - Exam 1 Study Guide

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