Q: According to the vulnerability-stress model, which equation best represents the development of a psychological disorder?

$$\text{Disorder} = \text{Vulnerability} \times \text{Stressor}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the '3 D's' used to judge abnormality in psychological disorders?

Accepted Answer

Distressing, Dysfunctional, Deviant

Question 2

According to the vulnerability-stress model, which equation best represents the development of a psychological disorder?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Disorder} = 	ext{Vulnerability} 	imes 	ext{Stressor}$$

Question 3

A patient presents with persistent negative mood, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disturbances for over a year. Which diagnosis is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Dysthymia

Question 4

Which historical perspective attributed abnormal behavior to possession by spirits and treated it with trephination?

Accepted Answer

Demenological (Supernatural) View

Question 5

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 6

A person who attributes their successes to luck but blames themselves for failures is demonstrating which cognitive pattern?

Accepted Answer

Depressive Attributional Pattern

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a symptom category of depression?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinatory

Question 8

Which of the following best explains the higher prevalence of anxiety disorders in females compared to males?

Accepted Answer

Sex-linked biological disposition and less personal control

Question 9

Which learning explanation accounts for the development of phobias through association of a neutral stimulus with trauma?

Accepted Answer

Classical conditioning

Question 10

A patient with schizophrenia shows lack of emotion, motivation, and expression. Which type of symptoms are these?

Accepted Answer

Negative symptoms

Question 11

Which of the following is a biological factor associated with depression?

Accepted Answer

Underactivity of norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin

Question 12

According to the cognitive model, which triad is central to depressive thinking?

Accepted Answer

Negative thoughts about the world, oneself, and the future

Question 13

Which of the following is true regarding the prevalence of mood disorders?

Accepted Answer

1 in 5 North Americans will have a depressive episode of clinical proportions during their lifetime

Question 14

Which perspective attributes psychological disorders to frustrations in achieving self-actualization and a negative self-concept?

Accepted Answer

Humanistic

Question 15

A child develops a fear of dogs after seeing a sibling bitten by one. Which learning process is most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

Modeling

Question 16

Which of the following is a sociocultural factor influencing the prevalence of depressive disorders?

Accepted Answer

Feelings of guilt and inadequacy are highest in North America and Western Europe

Question 17

Which of the following is a breakthrough in the biological view of mental illness?

Accepted Answer

Discovery that general paresis is caused by syphilis

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between Type I and Type II schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Type I has predominance of positive symptoms; Type II has predominance of negative symptoms

Question 19

Which brain structure shows abnormal MRI activity and is involved in routing sensory information in schizophrenia?

Accepted Answer

Thalamus

Question 20

A person with a strong genetic predisposition for bipolar disorder is exposed to multiple stressful life events. According to the vulnerability-stress model, what is the likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Increased risk of developing bipolar disorder

Psychological Disorders: Definitions, Perspectives, and Major Classes

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