Question 1

Which of the following best describes a theory in psychology?

Accepted Answer

A set of statements that describes general principles about how variables relate to one another.

Question 2

A researcher wants to test whether a new teaching method improves student performance. She randomly assigns students to either the new method or the traditional method and measures their final exam scores. What is the independent variable (IV) in this study?

Accepted Answer

The type of teaching method used.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an operational definition of bullying?

Accepted Answer

Counting the number of times a student reports being hit or pushed at school in the past 30 days.

Question 4

Which type of research is best suited for identifying cause and effect relationships?

Accepted Answer

Experimental research

Question 5

A psychologist collects the following data set: 15, 8, 48, 35, 12, 3, 24, 11, 46, 11. What is the mean of this data set?

$$	ext{Mean} = \frac{15 + 8 + 48 + 35 + 12 + 3 + 24 + 11 + 46 + 11}{10}$$

Accepted Answer

21.3

Question 6

Which of the following statements about correlation coefficients is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

A correlation coefficient close to $$+1 or$$ $$-1$$ indicates a strong relationship between two variables.

Question 7

In a normal distribution, which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The mean, median, and mode are all equal.

Question 8

A researcher finds a p-value of $$0.03$$ when comparing two groups. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a statistically significant difference between the groups.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between a population and a sample?

Accepted Answer

A population is the entire group of interest, while a sample is a portion selected for study.

Question 10

Which of the following is a core principle of ethical research according to the TCPS 2?

Accepted Answer

Respect for Persons

Question 11

A researcher uses a convenience sample to study university students’ stress levels. What is a major limitation of this approach?

Accepted Answer

The findings may not generalize to the entire population.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of a quantitative variable?

Accepted Answer

Heart rate

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a requirement of the Nuremberg Code?

Accepted Answer

Participants must be paid for their participation.

Question 14

A psychologist wants to know if there is a relationship between hours spent in mental health training and improvements in support skills. Which statistical method should she use?

Accepted Answer

Correlation coefficient

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the purpose of inferential statistics?

Accepted Answer

To make generalizations about a population based on sample data.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a positively skewed distribution?

Accepted Answer

Most scores are low, with a few very high scores.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why standard deviation is important in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

It measures how spread out the scores are around the mean.

Question 18

A study finds $$r = 0.78$$ between hours of training and mental health literacy. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a strong positive correlation between hours of training and mental health literacy.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between p-value and effect size?

Accepted Answer

P-value tells you if an effect exists; effect size tells you how big the effect is.

Question 20

Which of the following is a key ethical principle in the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS 2)?

Accepted Answer

Concern for Welfare

Psychology as a Science: Research Methods, Variables, Statistics, and Ethics

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