Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between structuralism and functionalism in early psychology?

Accepted Answer

Structuralism aimed to break down mental processes into basic components, while functionalism studied the adaptive purposes of those processes.

Question 2

A psychologist is conducting an experiment to test the effect of sleep deprivation on memory recall. What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

The amount of sleep participants receive

Question 3

Which ethical principle in psychological research requires that participants be fully informed about the nature of the study and any potential risks before agreeing to participate?

Accepted Answer

Informed consent

Question 4

Which neurotransmitter is most closely associated with mood regulation and is targeted by SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors)?

Accepted Answer

Serotonin

Question 5

A patient suffers damage to the hippocampus. Which cognitive function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Memory formation

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between sensation and perception?

Accepted Answer

Sensation involves the activation of sensory receptors, while perception involves organizing and interpreting sensory input.

Question 7

Which type of processing involves using prior knowledge and expectations to interpret sensory information?

Accepted Answer

Top-down processing

Question 8

A person who is addicted to a drug experiences withdrawal symptoms when they stop using it. Which concept best explains this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence

Question 9

Which sleep stage is most closely associated with vivid dreaming and rapid eye movement?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 10

According to classical conditioning, what is the process by which a neutral stimulus becomes associated with an unconditioned stimulus to elicit a conditioned response?

Accepted Answer

Acquisition

Question 11

A child learns to fear dogs after being bitten by one. Later, the child also fears cats and rabbits. Which classical conditioning concept does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Generalization

Question 12

Which learning theory emphasizes the role of observation and imitation in acquiring new behaviors?

Accepted Answer

Social learning theory

Question 13

Which equation best represents the relationship between the unconditioned stimulus (US), conditioned stimulus (CS), and conditioned response (CR) in classical conditioning?

Accepted Answer

$ US + CS \rightarrow CR $

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of evidence-based practice in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Applying treatments supported by scientific research

Question 15

A researcher wants to study the effects of a new drug on anxiety. She randomly assigns participants to receive either the drug or a placebo and measures their anxiety levels. Which research design is she using?

Accepted Answer

Experimental design

Question 16

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 17

Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the transmission of motor signals and is deficient in Parkinson's disease?

Accepted Answer

Dopamine

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the process of encoding in memory?

Accepted Answer

Transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory

Question 19

A patient with Alzheimer's disease is most likely to experience difficulty with which aspect of memory?

Accepted Answer

Encoding new information

Question 20

Which equation represents the multi-store model of memory, showing the flow from sensory memory to short-term memory to long-term memory?

Accepted Answer

$ Sensory \ Memory \rightarrow Short{-}Term \ Memory \rightarrow Long{-}Term \ Memory $

Psychology Midterm Study Guide: Key Concepts and Topics

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards