Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the SRY gene during sex differentiation?

Accepted Answer

It triggers the development of testes and the release of testosterone.

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with Turner Syndrome. Which of the following karyotypes and reproductive features would you expect?

Accepted Answer

45, X; underdeveloped ovaries

Question 3

During the menstrual cycle, which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating ovulation around day 14?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct pathway for sperm from production to ejaculation?

Accepted Answer

Testis → Epididymis → Vas deferens → Ejaculatory duct → Urethra

Question 5

Which structure in the female reproductive system is the primary site of fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Fallopian (uterine) tube

Question 6

A woman is experiencing heavy menstrual bleeding. Which layer of the uterus is primarily responsible for this bleeding?

Accepted Answer

Stratum functionalis of the endometrium

Question 7

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the development of the follicle in the ovary during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

Question 8

A patient with Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) has which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

46, XY chromosomes and no response to androgens

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why the testes are located outside the body cavity in the scrotum?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a temperature approximately $2^\circ$C cooler than body temperature, which is optimal for sperm production

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the corpus luteum after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

It secretes estrogen and progesterone to maintain the endometrium

Question 11

A patient has a mutation that prevents the production of estrogen. Which of the following would most likely occur during her menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

The endometrium would not thicken during the proliferative phase

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the bulbourethral (Cowper's) glands in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

They secrete an alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidity in the urethra and lubricates the penis

Question 13

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 14

During the female reproductive cycle, which phase is characterized by the degeneration of the follicle and high levels of progesterone?

Accepted Answer

Postovulatory (luteal) phase

Question 15

A 30-year-old woman has a blockage in her fallopian tubes. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization cannot occur because sperm and egg cannot meet

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the stratum basalis of the endometrium?

Accepted Answer

It replaces the stratum functionalis after menstruation

Question 17

A male patient has a deficiency in testosterone production. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Impaired development of secondary male sex characteristics

Question 18

Which of the following is true regarding the role of oxytocin in lactation?

Accepted Answer

It stimulates the secretion (let-down) of milk from the mammary glands

Question 19

A patient presents with ambiguous genitalia and is found to have 46, XY chromosomes but does not respond to androgens. Which intersex condition does this most likely represent?

Accepted Answer

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the pelvic floor muscles are important in the female reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

They help hold the pelvic organs in place and prevent prolapse

Reproductive Systems: Structure, Function, and Hormonal Regulation

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