Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between 'sex' and 'gender' as defined in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Sex refers to biological aspects, while gender refers to the social construction of maleness and femaleness.

Question 2

A child is born with XY chromosomes but lacks the SRY gene. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The child will develop female anatomical characteristics despite having XY chromosomes.

Question 3

Which syndrome is characterized by a genetic male (XY) who is born with external female genitalia but no ovaries?

Accepted Answer

Swyer syndrome

Question 4

A person with Klinefelter’s syndrome has which chromosomal pattern?

Accepted Answer

$$XXY$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the process by which testosterone influences the development of reproductive systems in embryos?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone promotes the growth of the Wolffian duct system and the regression of the Mullerian duct system.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE regarding androgen insensitivity syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Individuals have XY chromosomes but their bodies do not respond to testosterone, resulting in female external genitalia.

Question 7

A psychologist is working with a child who exhibits high levels of gender variant behavior. According to current recommendations, which of the following is the most appropriate initial intervention?

Accepted Answer

Provide counseling and support to the child and family.

Question 8

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of 'gender expression'?

Accepted Answer

A person chooses to wear clothing and engage in hobbies typically associated with a particular gender.

Question 9

According to Social Learning Theory, how do children primarily learn gender roles?

Accepted Answer

By observing and imitating others and receiving reinforcement for gender-appropriate behavior.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an instrumental trait as defined in gender role orientation?

Accepted Answer

Assertiveness

Question 11

A person who exhibits both high levels of instrumental and expressive traits is best described as:

Accepted Answer

Androgynous

Question 12

Which of the following statements about gender incongruence in childhood is supported by research?

Accepted Answer

Many cases of childhood gender incongruence resolve after adolescence.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the main goal of modern approaches to treating disorders of sex development?

Accepted Answer

Fostering the overall well-being of the individual and avoiding unnecessary risk.

Question 14

A person with Turner’s syndrome is most likely to have which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Female with a single X chromosome, absence of puberty, and infertility.

Question 15

Which of the following is a key criticism of historical approaches to sex reassignment surgery for individuals with ambiguous genitalia?

Accepted Answer

They assumed sex is strictly dichotomous and that gender is based solely on anatomy.

Question 16

According to Cognitive-Developmental Theory, how do children develop their understanding of gender?

Accepted Answer

By actively seeking information and categorizing themselves and the world according to gender as their cognitive skills develop.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the hypothalamus in sex differences of the brain?

Accepted Answer

It differs between biological males and females, influenced by testosterone during the second half of pregnancy.

Question 18

A child with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is most likely to:

Accepted Answer

Be genetically female but have masculinized external genitals due to excess masculinizing hormones.

Question 19

Which of the following is an example of how media can influence gender role socialization in children?

Accepted Answer

Children internalize stereotyped gender roles portrayed in television shows and adopt similar behaviors.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes 'gender dysphoria'?

Accepted Answer

A strong desire to be part of the opposite gender or an insistence that one is of the other gender, accompanied by clinically significant distress.

Sex and Gender: Biological, Psychological, and Social Perspectives

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