Q: Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between blood alcohol content (BAC) and number of drinks consumed in two hours for an average adult?

$BAC = \frac{\text{number of drinks} \times 0.06}{\text{body weight in kg}}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes 'consciousness' as defined in psychology?

Accepted Answer

Our immediate awareness of our internal and external states.

Question 2

William James coined the term 'stream of consciousness.' What does this metaphor emphasize about conscious experience?

Accepted Answer

Consciousness is continuous and ever-moving, yet seems unified.

Question 3

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for regulating circadian rhythms in humans?

Accepted Answer

Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Question 4

A student travels from Toronto to Tokyo and experiences jet lag. Which process is most directly disrupted?

Accepted Answer

Circadian rhythm

Question 5

Which sleep disorder is characterized by repeated cessation of breathing during sleep, often leading to frequent awakenings?

Accepted Answer

Sleep apnea

Question 6

According to the restorative theory of sleep, what is the primary function of sleep?

Accepted Answer

To restore and repair the body and mind.

Question 7

Which stage of sleep is most associated with vivid dreaming and muscle paralysis?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 8

A person who is deprived of REM sleep will most likely experience which phenomenon upon returning to normal sleep?

Accepted Answer

REM rebound, spending more time in REM sleep.

Question 9

Which theory suggests that dreams are the brain's attempt to make sense of random neural activity during sleep?

Accepted Answer

Activation-synthesis theory

Question 10

A patient reports frequent nightmares and sleepwalking. Which sleep stage are these phenomena most likely to occur in?

Accepted Answer

Stage 4 (N3) deep sleep

Question 11

Which of the following is a common effect of chronic sleep deprivation?

Accepted Answer

Impaired cognitive performance and increased risk of obesity

Question 12

Which neurotransmitter is most directly affected by alcohol, leading to its depressant effects?

Accepted Answer

GABA

Question 13

A person develops tolerance to a drug and needs higher doses to achieve the same effect. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

Physical dependence

Question 14

Which class of psychoactive drugs is most likely to cause dramatic changes in perception and awareness, such as hallucinations?

Accepted Answer

Hallucinogens

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of meditation on the brain and body?

Accepted Answer

Produces brainwave patterns similar to relaxed pre-sleep states

Question 16

A person is able to recall the storyline of a dream but not its deeper symbolic meaning. According to Freud, what is this recalled storyline called?

Accepted Answer

Manifest content

Question 17

Which of the following is a plausible multi-step scenario: A college student binge drinks (5+ drinks in one sitting) and later experiences impaired memory and poor decision-making. Which neurotransmitter and brain region are most likely involved?

Accepted Answer

GABA and the prefrontal cortex

Question 18

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between blood alcohol content (BAC) and number of drinks consumed in two hours for an average adult?

Accepted Answer

$BAC = \frac{	ext{number of drinks} 	imes 0.06}{	ext{body weight in kg}}$

Question 19

A patient with Parkinson's disease begins to act out their dreams physically, posing a risk to themselves and their partner. Which sleep disorder is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why individuals with reward deficiency syndrome may be more prone to substance abuse?

Accepted Answer

Their brain's reward circuitry is not readily activated by usual life experiences.

States of Consciousness: Chapter 6 Study Notes

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