Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination according to the 'ABCs of Bias'?

Accepted Answer

Prejudice is an affective response, stereotyping is a cognitive process, and discrimination is a behavioral response.

Question 2

According to schema theory, why are people likely to rely on stereotypes when making judgments?

Accepted Answer

Because schema theory suggests that people categorize information quickly and use heuristics, which can lead to overgeneralizations.

Question 3

The Dissociation Model of Prejudice (Devine, 1989) suggests which of the following about stereotype activation and control?

Accepted Answer

Stereotypes are automatically triggered, but we can control whether or not we accept and act on them if we are attentive.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of socialization contributing to bias?

Accepted Answer

A child learns to associate certain jobs with specific genders after watching television shows.

Question 5

According to Realistic Group Conflict Theory, what is the primary source of intergroup bias?

Accepted Answer

Active or perceived competition for resources or goals.

Question 6

In the 'Shooter Bias' study (Correll et al., 2002), what pattern of errors was observed?

Accepted Answer

Participants missed shooting armed White individuals more often and shot at unarmed Black individuals more often.

Question 7

Which of the following best illustrates the impact of media on socialization and bias?

Accepted Answer

Media can place people in stereotypic roles and under-represent certain groups, reinforcing societal biases.

Question 8

According to Social Identity Theory (Tajfel), what is a likely outcome of strong group membership?

Accepted Answer

Increased self-esteem and a tendency to favor one's own group over others.

Question 9

A study found that at low points in circadian rhythm, stereotype activation led to greater reliance on stereotypes in judgments of guilt. What does this suggest about cognitive resources and bias?

Accepted Answer

When cognitive resources are depleted (e.g., at low energy times), people are more likely to rely on stereotypes.

Question 10

Exposure to American Indian mascots has been shown to negatively affect Native students in which of the following ways?

Accepted Answer

It decreases self-esteem, sense of possible academic selves, and community self-worth.

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of an injunctive norm influencing bias?

Accepted Answer

A child observes that most people in their community recycle and concludes that recycling is the right thing to do.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the process of 'catching' social biases from parents?

Accepted Answer

Children can pick up social biases from nonverbal signals and attitudes modeled by parents.

Question 13

If a person is distracted or overwhelmed, what does the Dissociation Model of Prejudice predict about their likelihood to stereotype?

Accepted Answer

They are more likely to stereotype because they cannot exert control over automatic stereotype activation.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a source of bias according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Genetic inheritance of stereotypes

Question 15

A person reacts negatively to someone based solely on their perceived group membership, ignoring all other aspects of their identity. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bias

Question 16

Which of the following equations best represents the correlation found in the meta-analysis of parent-child attitudes toward social groups?

Accepted Answer

$$r = 0.38$$

Question 17

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of in-group bias as described by Social Identity Theory?

Accepted Answer

A person favors members of their own group over others, even when group distinctions are arbitrary.

Question 18

Which of the following is a behavioral consequence of bias, as demonstrated in psychological research?

Accepted Answer

Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group or its members.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between descriptive and injunctive norms in the development of bias?

Accepted Answer

Descriptive norms describe what is typical or common, and people often infer that this is what should happen (injunctive norm), which can reinforce biases.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of institutionalized bias?

Accepted Answer

A school curriculum that under-represents certain groups and perpetuates stereotypes.

Stereotyping, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Psychological Perspectives and Consequences

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