Question 1

Which sleep stage is most likely associated with vivid dreaming and temporary muscle paralysis, as described in the scenario where Chris wakes up from a vivid dream in which he was running away from something, but his body showed no sign of movement?

Accepted Answer

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep

Question 2

A student receives a sticker every time they complete five homework assignments. Which partial reinforcement schedule does this represent?

Accepted Answer

Fixed ratio

Question 3

In classical conditioning, what is the conditioned stimulus in the scenario where Taylor feels nervous upon seeing a blue exam paper, even without taking a test?

Accepted Answer

The blue exam paper

Question 4

Which drug is most likely associated with the tagline: 'The pick-me-up that powers your morning grind'?

Accepted Answer

Caffeine

Question 5

A teacher removes a disliked homework assignment when students behave well in class. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative reinforcement

Question 6

During a robbery, a witness focuses on the gun and later cannot recall the robber’s face. This is an example of which psychological effect?

Accepted Answer

Weapon focus effect

Question 7

Which heuristic is illustrated when a manager assumes a job candidate is highly organized based solely on their polished appearance?

Accepted Answer

Representativeness heuristic

Question 8

Which of the following best describes positive punishment in a classroom setting?

Accepted Answer

Assigning extra homework for talking out of turn

Question 9

A customer receives a free drink after a random number of purchases at a coffee shop. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Accepted Answer

Variable ratio

Question 10

Which drug is most likely to cause a person to feel confident, full of energy, but also irritable and fidgety, as described in the festival scenario?

Accepted Answer

Adderall

Question 11

A witness misremembers seeing a weapon during a crime, even though there was none. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Misinformation effect

Question 12

Which sleep stage is most associated with sleep spindles and K-complexes, and is considered a light sleep stage?

Accepted Answer

Stage 2 (NREM-2)

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of the availability heuristic?

Accepted Answer

Believing a neighborhood is unsafe after hearing about a recent crime

Question 14

A student receives praise every Friday if they have completed all their assignments that week. This is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Accepted Answer

Fixed interval

Question 15

Which drug is most likely associated with the tagline: 'The world in technicolor—perception’s new frontier'?

Accepted Answer

LSD

Question 16

In classical conditioning, what is the unconditioned response in the scenario where Taylor feels nervous and stressed during a big exam?

Accepted Answer

Feeling nervous and stressed

Question 17

A teacher takes away a student’s phone when they are caught texting in class. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative punishment

Question 18

Which of the following best illustrates the concept of confirmation bias?

Accepted Answer

Believing a new diet is healthy after reading only articles that support it

Question 19

Which partial reinforcement schedule is best represented by checking your email at random times and occasionally finding a new message?

Accepted Answer

Variable interval

Question 20

A new antidepressant is described as 'effective for 75\% of severe depression cases.' If you focus only on this statistic and ignore that it is not effective for 25\% of cases, which heuristic are you using?

Accepted Answer

Anchoring heuristic

Test 2 Review: Consciousness, Learning, Memory, and Thinking & Language

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