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Multiple Comparisons: Tukey-Kramer Test definitions

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  • ANOVA
    A statistical method used to compare means across multiple groups, determining if at least one group differs significantly.
  • Null Hypothesis
    An assumption that all group means are equal, serving as the starting point for statistical testing.
  • Post Hoc Test
    A follow-up analysis performed after rejecting the null hypothesis to identify which group means differ.
  • Tukey Kramer Test
    A procedure for comparing every possible pair of group means to pinpoint specific differences after ANOVA.
  • Critical Value
    A threshold from statistical tables used to decide whether a test statistic indicates a significant difference.
  • Q Statistic
    A calculated value for each pairwise comparison, used to assess if the difference between means is significant.
  • Studentized Range Distribution
    A probability distribution used to obtain critical values for the Tukey Kramer test, often referenced as the q table.
  • Degrees of Freedom
    A value representing the number of independent data points minus the number of groups, crucial for table lookup.
  • Mean Squares Due to Error
    A measure of variance within groups, sourced from the ANOVA output and used in Tukey Kramer calculations.
  • Sample Size
    The number of observations in each group, affecting the denominator in the Tukey Kramer formula.
  • Alternative Hypothesis
    A statement suggesting at least one group mean differs from the others, tested in pairwise comparisons.
  • Variance Within
    The spread of data points inside each group, equivalent to mean squares due to error in ANOVA.
  • Pairwise Comparison
    The process of evaluating every possible pair of group means to detect specific differences.
  • Alpha
    The significance level, often set at 0.05, determining the threshold for rejecting the null hypothesis.
  • F Table
    A reference chart for critical values in ANOVA, similar in function to the q table for Tukey Kramer.