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Filtration & Evaporation definitions

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  • Filtration
    Technique for separating an insoluble solid from a liquid using a barrier that retains the solid while allowing the liquid to pass.
  • Residue
    Material left behind on the filter after separation, typically the insoluble solid component of a mixture.
  • Filtrate
    Liquid that successfully passes through the filter, free from the insoluble solid.
  • Filter Paper
    Semi-permeable membrane used to trap solids while allowing liquids to pass during separation.
  • Erlenmeyer Flask
    Conical laboratory vessel commonly used to collect liquids during separation processes.
  • Funnel
    Device used to channel mixtures into filters, ensuring proper separation of components.
  • Vacuum Pump
    Apparatus that creates reduced pressure to accelerate the movement of liquid through a filter.
  • Buckner Funnel
    Specialized filtration device designed for use with vacuum to speed up separation and aid in recrystallization.
  • Crystallization
    Process where a dissolved solid forms crystals as the solvent is removed, often by heating.
  • Evaporation
    Technique that removes a solvent by heating, leaving behind the dissolved solid as a residue.
  • Bunsen Burner
    Heat source used to vaporize liquids during separation, especially in evaporation techniques.
  • Evaporation Bowl
    Container designed to hold mixtures during heating, facilitating solvent removal and solid recovery.
  • Semi-permeable Membrane
    Barrier that selectively allows certain substances, like liquids, to pass while retaining others, such as solids.
  • Recrystallization
    Formation of purer solid crystals from a solution, often enhanced by cooling during vacuum filtration.
  • Solvent
    Liquid component of a mixture that dissolves other substances and is separated during filtration or evaporation.