Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between classical (wet) and instrumental (dry) analytical chemistry methods?

Accepted Answer

Classical methods require running chemical reactions to identify compounds, while instrumental methods use scientific instruments to investigate molecular properties.

Question 2

Tollen's Test is a classical analytical method used to detect which type of functional group in organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Aldehydes

Question 3

In Tollen's Test, a positive result is indicated by the formation of a silver mirror. Which chemical equation best represents the reduction of silver ions in this test?

Accepted Answer

$2Ag^+ + 2e^- \rightarrow 2Ag(s)$

Question 4

Which of the following is a key advantage of using instrumental methods such as NMR or IR spectroscopy over classical wet chemistry methods?

Accepted Answer

They can provide detailed information about molecular structure without running multiple chemical reactions.

Question 5

A chemist wants to determine the presence of a carbonyl group in an unknown compound. Which analytical technique would be most appropriate for this purpose?

Accepted Answer

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy

Question 6

Which of the following statements about 'H NMR (proton nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy is correct?

Accepted Answer

It provides information about the hydrogen atoms' environments in a molecule.

Question 7

A student runs Tollen's Test on two samples: Sample A forms a silver mirror, Sample B does not. What can be concluded?

Accepted Answer

Sample A contains an aldehyde group; Sample B does not.

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a typical application of instrumental analytical techniques?

Accepted Answer

Measuring the concentration of ions in solution using titration.

Question 9

A sample is analyzed by IR spectroscopy and shows a strong absorption near $1700\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$. What functional group is most likely present?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde or ketone (carbonyl group)

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why instrumental methods are sometimes called 'dry chemistry'?

Accepted Answer

They often do not involve liquid reagents or wet chemical reactions.

Question 11

A forensic scientist needs to quickly identify an unknown white powder found at a crime scene. Which analytical technique would provide the fastest and most detailed information about its molecular structure?

Accepted Answer

NMR Spectroscopy

Question 12

Which of the following is a limitation of classical wet chemistry methods compared to instrumental methods?

Accepted Answer

They often require multiple, time-consuming chemical reactions to identify a compound.

Question 13

A student is given an unknown compound and asked to determine if it is an aldehyde or a ketone. Which combination of analytical techniques would provide the most reliable answer?

Accepted Answer

Tollen's Test and IR Spectroscopy

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the principle behind NMR spectroscopy?

Accepted Answer

Interaction of nuclear spins with an external magnetic field.

Question 15

A chemist uses IR spectroscopy to analyze a sample and observes no significant absorption in the $1700\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$ region. What does this suggest about the sample?

Accepted Answer

It likely does not contain a carbonyl group.

Question 16

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of a classical wet chemistry method in a real-world context?

Accepted Answer

A food scientist uses Tollen's Test to check for the presence of reducing sugars in honey.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the use of silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) in Tollen's Test?

Accepted Answer

Silver nitrate provides silver ions that are reduced to metallic silver by aldehydes.

Question 18

A sample is analyzed by both Tollen's Test and IR spectroscopy. The sample gives a positive Tollen's Test and shows a strong IR absorption at $1720\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$. What is the most likely functional group present?

Accepted Answer

Aldehyde

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why NMR spectroscopy is considered an instrumental method?

Accepted Answer

It uses a scientific instrument to measure the magnetic properties of nuclei.

Question 20

A chemist is tasked with identifying an unknown compound suspected to be either an aldehyde or a ketone. The compound does not react with Tollen's reagent but shows a strong IR absorption at $1715\ \mathrm{cm}^{-1}$. What is the most likely identity of the compound?

Accepted Answer

Ketone

Analytical Techniques: Classical and Instrumental Methods in Analytical Chemistry

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