Describe the mechanisms of extrinsic regulation of GFR, and their physiological role.

Describe the mechanisms that contribute to renal autoregulation.

Which of the following is/are true about ADH?

a. It promotes obligatory water reabsorption

b. It is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality

c. It causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT

d. It promotes Na⁺ reabsorption

Mrs. Bigda, a 60-year-old woman, was brought to the hospital by the police after falling to the pavement. She is found to have alcoholic hepatitis. She is put on a salt- and protein-restricted diet and diuretics are prescribed to manage her ascites (accumulated fluid in the peritoneal cavity). How will diuretics reduce this excess fluid? Name and describe the mechanisms of action of three types of diuretics. Why is her diet salt-restricted?

Predict the effects the following scenarios would have on glomerular filtration:

c. Having high arterial blood pressure (hypertension)

Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.

a. Blocking the action of aldosterone on the kidneys

Drugs that treat hypertension, or high blood pressure, have the following actions. Discuss the specific effect that each drug will have on the kidneys.

b. Blocking the receptor for angiotensin-II on blood vessels and in the renal tubule cells

Explain how each of the drugs in question 1 from this section would lower blood pressure.