Q: Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

$$M = \frac{\text{grams of solute}}{\text{molar mass} \times \text{liters of solution}}$$

Question 1

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur, resulting in two identical copies of genetic material?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 2

A signaling molecule (hormone) binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane, initiating a cascade that leads to protein synthesis. Which organelle is responsible for transcribing DNA into mRNA during this process?

Accepted Answer

Nucleus

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Standing upright, arms at sides, palms facing forward, feet together

Question 4

Which organelle is primarily responsible for packaging and modifying proteins for secretion from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 5

A patient has a blood pH of 7.1. Which of the following statements is correct regarding this condition?

Accepted Answer

The blood is more acidic than normal.

Question 6

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms, such as in a molecule of oxygen ($$O_2$$)?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Compared to a solution with a pH of 5, how many times greater is the concentration of hydrogen ions ($$[H^+]) in $$the first solution?

Accepted Answer

$$100$$

Question 8

Which of the following is the main component of the plasma (cell) membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids

Question 9

If a potato is placed in a 0 molarity NaCl solution, what will happen to the potato and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell due to water gain

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is double-stranded and stores genetic information; RNA is single-stranded and involved in protein synthesis

Question 11

Which system is responsible for draining excess interstitial fluid, filtering extracellular fluid, and housing leukocytes for immunity?

Accepted Answer

Lymphatic system

Question 12

A molecule that donates protons ($$H^+) to a $$solution is classified as:

Accepted Answer

An acid

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of water that helps maintain body temperature by absorbing and releasing large amounts of heat with little temperature change?

Accepted Answer

High heat capacity

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating molarity ($$M) of a $$solution?

Accepted Answer

$$M = \frac{	ext{grams of solute}}{	ext{molar mass} 	imes 	ext{liters of solution}}$$

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

Question 16

A molecule of sodium chloride ($$NaCl) is $$formed by which type of chemical bond?

Accepted Answer

Ionic bond

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for secretion

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct definition of an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 19

Which property of water allows it to dissolve salts and polar molecules, making it an excellent solvent for biological reactions?

Accepted Answer

Polarity

Question 20

If you have 1 liter of a 1 M NaCl solution, how many grams of NaCl are present? (Na = 22.98, Cl = 35.45; molar mass NaCl = 58.44 g/mol)

Accepted Answer

$$58.44$$ grams

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