Q: Calculate the Total Lung Capacity (TLC) for a patient with the following values: $$TV = 500\ \text{mL}$$, $$IRV = 3000\ \text{mL}$$, $$ERV = 1200\ \text{mL}$$, $$RV = 1300\ \text{mL}.$$

$$TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV = 6000\ \text{mL}$$

Q: During a pulmonary function test, a subject forcibly exhales 3200 mL in one second after maximal inhalation. If their vital capacity is 4000 mL, what is their FEV1.0 percentage?

$$FEV1.0 = \frac{3200}{4000} \times 100 = 80\%$$

Question 1

After centrifuging a blood sample, which layer increases in thickness during an infection, and what does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The buffy coat increases, indicating elevated leukocytes.

Question 2

Which blood type can safely receive blood from all other ABO types, and why?

Accepted Answer

Type AB, because it lacks anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 3

A patient with Type O negative blood requires a transfusion. Which donor blood types are compatible?

Accepted Answer

Type O negative only.

Question 4

Which of the following is a granulocyte that increases in number during allergic reactions or parasitic infections?

Accepted Answer

Eosinophil

Question 5

During hemostasis, which step involves the formation of a temporary plug at the site of vessel injury?

Accepted Answer

Platelet plug formation

Question 6

In the sandwich ELISA technique used in lab, what is the primary purpose of the buffer solution?

Accepted Answer

To wash away excess antibodies and prevent false positives.

Question 7

Which structure is lined with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium and is divided by a septum?

Accepted Answer

Nasal cavity

Question 8

Which respiratory volume is defined as the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced expiration?

Accepted Answer

Residual Volume (RV)

Question 9

Calculate the Total Lung Capacity (TLC) for a patient with the following values: $$TV = 500\ 	ext{mL}$$, $$IRV = 3000\ 	ext{mL}$$, $$ERV = 1200\ 	ext{mL}$$, $$RV = 1300\ 	ext{mL}.$$

Accepted Answer

$$TLC = TV + IRV + ERV + RV = 6000\ 	ext{mL}$$

Question 10

Which muscle is primarily responsible for increasing thoracic volume during inspiration?

Accepted Answer

Diaphragm

Question 11

A patient with restrictive pulmonary disease will most likely show which of the following changes in their respiratory volumes?

Accepted Answer

Decreased total lung capacity

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of hemoglobin in the transport of respiratory gases?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen from the lungs to tissues and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs.

Question 13

Which respiratory capacity is calculated as $$TV + IRV + ERV$$?

Accepted Answer

Vital Capacity

Question 14

During a pulmonary function test, a subject forcibly exhales 3200 mL in one second after maximal inhalation. If their vital capacity is 4000 mL, what is their FEV1.0 percentage?

Accepted Answer

$$FEV1.0 = \frac{3200}{4000} 	imes 100 = 80\%$$

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the alveoli?

Accepted Answer

They are the main site of gas exchange and are lined with simple squamous epithelium.

Question 16

A patient with obstructive pulmonary disease is most likely to have which of the following findings?

Accepted Answer

Increased airway resistance

Question 17

Which of the following statements about the respiratory zones is correct?

Accepted Answer

The respiratory zone includes respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, and alveoli, all involved in gas exchange.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of platelets in hemostasis?

Accepted Answer

Platelets form a plug and participate in coagulation.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct definition of an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

Question 20

If a person has B antigens on their red blood cells and anti-A antibodies in their plasma, what is their blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type B

A&P 2 Practical Review: Blood and Respiratory System Study Guide

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