Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of antigenic determinants in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They are the regions of an antigen that antibodies or lymphocyte receptors specifically bind to.

Question 2

A patient receives a vaccine containing dead pathogens. Which type of immunity is being acquired?

Accepted Answer

Active, artificially acquired humoral immunity

Question 3

Which immunoglobulin class is most abundant in plasma and is responsible for secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

During the maturation of T cells in the thymus, what is the purpose of positive selection?

Accepted Answer

To ensure T cells recognize self-MHC proteins

Question 5

Which antibody mechanism is most important for preventing viruses from binding to host cells?

Accepted Answer

Neutralization

Question 6

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother via breast milk. What type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Passive, naturally acquired humoral immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the primary and secondary humoral responses?

Accepted Answer

The secondary response is faster and produces higher antibody levels than the primary response.

Question 8

What is the main function of plasma cells in the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

To secrete large amounts of antibodies specific to the encountered antigen

Question 9

Which equation best represents the rate of antibody secretion by plasma cells?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells secrete antibodies at a rate of $$2000$$ molecules per second for $$4 to$$ $$5$$ days.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of complete antigens?

Accepted Answer

They have both immunogenicity and reactivity.

Question 11

Which cell type is most effective at presenting antigens and linking innate and adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Dendritic cells

Question 12

What is the outcome of negative selection during T cell maturation?

Accepted Answer

T cells that bind to self-antigens are destroyed by apoptosis

Question 13

Which immunoglobulin class is primarily involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasitic worms?

Accepted Answer

IgE

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why haptens can cause harmful immune responses?

Accepted Answer

Haptens attach to self-proteins, making the combination appear foreign and triggering an immune attack against self.

Question 15

Which process describes the selection and activation of a lymphocyte upon its first encounter with a specific antigen?

Accepted Answer

Clonal selection

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about the diversity of lymphocyte antigen receptors?

Accepted Answer

Gene segments are shuffled to create up to a billion different types of receptors.

Question 17

Which antibody class is released first during a primary immune response and is a potent agglutinating agent?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 18

Which equation best represents the relationship between antibody concentration and time during primary and secondary responses?

Accepted Answer

During secondary response, antibody concentration ($$A) $$peaks faster and higher: $$A_{secondary} \u003e A_{primary}$$ and $$t_{secondary} \u003c t_{primary}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly destroying antigens

Question 20

Which cell type is responsible for humoral immunity and produces antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B lymphocytes

Adaptive Immune System and Humoral Immunity: ANP Study Guide

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