Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process by which T cells become immunocompetent?

Accepted Answer

T cells mature in the thymus, where self-reactive clones are destroyed, ensuring self-tolerance.

Question 2

Which molecule is responsible for presenting endogenous antigens to cytotoxic T (TC) cells?

Accepted Answer

Class I MHC molecule

Question 3

A patient receives a skin graft from their own thigh to repair a burn on their arm. Which type of graft is this, and what is the expected immune response?

Accepted Answer

Autograft; no TC cell response

Question 4

Which cytokine is required for the activation and proliferation of cytotoxic T (TC) cells?

Accepted Answer

Interleukin-2

Question 5

What is the primary function of helper T (TH) cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

Secreting cytokines to activate and enhance other immune cells

Question 6

Which equation best represents the proliferation of T cells after activation, assuming each cell divides once per cycle?

Accepted Answer

$$N = 2^n$$

Question 7

A dendritic cell displays a viral antigen on both class I and class II MHC molecules. What is the significance of this cross-presentation?

Accepted Answer

It allows activation of both naïve TH and TC cells.

Question 8

Which of the following is true regarding haptens?

Accepted Answer

They require attachment to a protein carrier to become immunogenic.

Question 9

During organ transplantation, which gene family is most important for matching donor and recipient antigens to minimize rejection?

Accepted Answer

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genes

Question 10

Which process is illustrated by the equation $$	ext{Antigen} + 	ext{Enzyme} ightarrow 	ext{Antigen fragments} in $$the context of MHC molecule function?

Accepted Answer

Antigen processing for MHC presentation

Question 11

What would likely happen if cytotoxic T (TC) cells could recognize antigens presented by class II MHC molecules?

Accepted Answer

TC cells would kill antigen-presenting cells, impairing immune function.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of memory T cells?

Accepted Answer

They respond more rapidly and efficiently to subsequent exposures to the same antigen.

Question 13

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of graft rejection?

Accepted Answer

Necrosis of the transplanted tissue

Question 14

Which equation represents the rate of T cell proliferation if each cell divides every 24 hours for $$t$$ days, starting with $$N_0$$ cells?

Accepted Answer

$$N = N_0$ 	imes 2^t$$

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T (TH) cells?

Accepted Answer

Direct killing of infected cells

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the effect of interleukin-3 secreted by TH cells?

Accepted Answer

Enhances macrophage phagocytosis and triggers production of interleukin-12

Question 17

Which scenario would most likely result in a strong immune response and possible rejection?

Accepted Answer

Transplantation of a pig heart into a human (xenograft)

Question 18

Which of the following is true about the interaction between T cell receptors and MHC-antigen complexes?

Accepted Answer

T cell receptors have low affinity for MHC-antigen complexes, requiring co-stimulation for full activation.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why blood products are easier to donate than organs?

Accepted Answer

Erythrocytes lack MHC molecules, reducing immune compatibility issues.

Question 20

Which process is initiated when cytotoxic T (TC) cells release perforin?

Accepted Answer

Formation of pores in the target cell membrane, allowing entry of destructive enzymes

Adaptive Immunity: Cell-Mediated Immunity and T Cell Function

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