Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between active and passive humoral immunity?

Accepted Answer

Active immunity results from exposure to an antigen and the subsequent immune response, while passive immunity results from the transfer of antibodies produced by another individual.

Question 2

A patient receives an injection of gamma globulin after being exposed to hepatitis A. This is an example of which type of immunity?

Accepted Answer

Artificially acquired passive immunity

Question 3

Which antibody class is most abundant in the secondary immune response and can cross the placenta to provide immunity to the fetus?

Accepted Answer

IgG

Question 4

What is the role of the epitope in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It is the part of the antigen recognized by the immune system, allowing antibodies or T cell receptors to bind.

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why proteins are generally more antigenic than lipids?

Accepted Answer

Proteins have more complex and varied structures, providing more epitopes for immune recognition.

Question 6

A newborn receives antibodies from its mother through breast milk. Which type of immunity is this?

Accepted Answer

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of helper T cells (TH cells)?

Accepted Answer

Secreting interleukins to stimulate and coordinate the activity of other immune cells

Question 8

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells (Tc cells)?

Accepted Answer

To directly attack and destroy infected or cancerous cells

Question 9

Which process describes how antigen-presenting cells (APCs) display antigen fragments on their surface?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis followed by fusion with a lysosome and presentation with MHC proteins

Question 10

A patient with a TH cell count below 200 cells/μL is most likely to be diagnosed with which condition?

Accepted Answer

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Question 11

Which antibody class is primarily responsible for the primary immune response and is found as a pentamer in plasma?

Accepted Answer

IgM

Question 12

What is the main reason autoimmune diseases occur?

Accepted Answer

The immune system fails to recognize self-antigens and attacks the body's own tissues.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the role of memory cells in adaptive immunity?

Accepted Answer

They allow for a faster and stronger response upon re-exposure to the same antigen.

Question 14

Which of the following is a possible cause of autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Cross-reactivity of antibodies to self-antigens

Question 15

Which immune cell is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells (differentiated B cells)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the structure of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two heavy chains and two light chains held together by disulfide bonds.

Question 17

Which antibody class is most effective at preventing pathogens from adhering to epithelial surfaces in mucus, saliva, and tears?

Accepted Answer

IgA

Question 18

A person experiences acute, widespread allergic symptoms including bronchiole constriction and vasodilation after exposure to a bee sting. What is the most appropriate immediate treatment?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why a vaccine provides long-term protection against a disease?

Accepted Answer

It introduces memory B cells and T cells specific to the pathogen, enabling a rapid secondary response upon future exposure.

Question 20

Which of the following equations best represents the relationship between antigen exposure and antibody production during the primary and secondary immune responses?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Antibody titer}_{	ext{secondary}} \u003e 	ext{Antibody titer}_{	ext{primary}}$$

Adaptive Immunity: Humoral and Cellular Responses

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