Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete their products into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete their products into ducts leading to body surfaces or cavities.

Question 2

A patient presents with excessive thirst and frequent urination. Laboratory tests reveal low levels of antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which endocrine disorder is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Diabetes insipidus

Question 3

Which hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroid hormones?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct pathway for hormone transport from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

Accepted Answer

Hypophyseal portal system

Question 5

A steroid hormone enters a target cell and binds to its receptor. What is the next step in the mechanism of action?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a hormone-receptor complex that binds to DNA

Question 6

Which hormone is released by the posterior pituitary and is responsible for stimulating uterine contractions during childbirth?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why hormones only affect specific target cells?

Accepted Answer

Only target cells have the specific receptors for the hormone.

Question 8

A patient with an overactive adrenal cortex is likely to have elevated levels of which hormone?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol

Question 9

Which hormone is primarily responsible for regulating blood glucose levels by promoting the uptake of glucose into cells?

Accepted Answer

Insulin

Question 10

Which of the following is a key difference between the endocrine and nervous systems in terms of signaling?

Accepted Answer

The endocrine system uses hormones that travel through the bloodstream, while the nervous system uses neurotransmitters that act across synapses.

Question 11

Which hormone is released by the pineal gland and helps regulate circadian rhythms?

Accepted Answer

Melatonin

Question 12

A patient with low metabolic rate, weight gain, and fatigue is most likely suffering from which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Hypothyroidism

Question 13

Which hormone is produced by the testes and is responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of the hypothalamus in the endocrine system?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a master gland by controlling the release of hormones from the pituitary gland.

Question 15

Which hormone is released in response to low blood calcium levels and acts to increase blood calcium?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Question 16

A patient with excessive growth of hands, feet, and facial bones in adulthood is likely suffering from which hormonal disorder?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 17

Which hormone is released by the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels during fasting?

Accepted Answer

Glucagon

Question 18

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin (PRL)

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the mechanism of action for peptide hormones?

Accepted Answer

They bind to cell surface receptors and activate second messenger systems such as cAMP.

Question 20

A patient with high blood pressure, high blood glucose, and a 'moon face' appearance is most likely suffering from which endocrine disorder?

Accepted Answer

Cushing's syndrome

Anatomy 35 – Chapter 19: The Endocrine System Study Guide

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