Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of microglia in the central nervous system?

Accepted Answer

They remove cell debris and wastes by phagocytosis.

Question 2

A patient presents with loss of sensation in a single dermatome on one side of the body. Which structure is most likely damaged?

Accepted Answer

Posterior root ganglion

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

Accepted Answer

Initiates action potentials in neurons

Question 4

Which sequence correctly lists the cranial meninges from superficial to deep?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater

Question 5

Which structural class of neurons is always sensory in function?

Accepted Answer

Unipolar and bipolar

Question 6

A nerve impulse travels from the CNS to a muscle or gland via which type of neuron?

Accepted Answer

Efferent neuron

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division is also called the 'fight-or-flight' division.

Question 8

Which structure divides the outer ear from the middle ear and vibrates in synchrony with sound waves?

Accepted Answer

Tympanic membrane

Question 9

Which region of the brain controls the autonomic nervous system, endocrine system, body temperature, sleep and awake cycles, and various emotions?

Accepted Answer

Hypothalamus

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of oligodendrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Myelinate axons in the CNS

Question 11

Which term describes the specific region of skin monitored by a single spinal nerve?

Accepted Answer

Dermatome

Question 12

Which structure contains motor axons only?

Accepted Answer

Anterior root

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT an effector innervated by the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle fibers

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the actions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions in organs innervated by both?

Accepted Answer

Antagonistic

Question 15

Which structure is involved in visual reflexes?

Accepted Answer

Superior colliculi

Question 16

Which brain region interprets incoming visual stimuli at a conscious level?

Accepted Answer

Visual cortex of the occipital lobe

Question 17

A patient with otosclerosis (fusing of the middle ear bones) is most likely to experience which condition?

Accepted Answer

Conduction deafness

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the effect of tension in the suspensory ligaments of the lens at rest?

Accepted Answer

Flattens the lens, focusing the eye for distant vision

Question 19

Which equation best represents the relationship between the speed of nerve impulse ($$v$$), axon diameter ($$d$$), and myelination ($$m) in a $$simplified model?

Accepted Answer

$$v = k \cdot d \cdot m$$

Question 20

Regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus directly influence the secretory activity of which gland?

Accepted Answer

Anterior pituitary

ANATOMY 35 Exam IV Review – Step-by-Step Study Guidance

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