Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

A process that opposes the original stimulus, helping to maintain homeostasis.

Question 2

A patient is given intravenous fluids that are hypertonic relative to their blood plasma. What is the most likely effect on their red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

The red blood cells will shrink as water leaves the cells.

Question 3

Which anatomical plane divides the body into anterior and posterior sections?

Accepted Answer

Coronal (frontal) plane

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

It has a partial positive charge on hydrogen and a partial negative charge on oxygen.

Question 5

A person is suffering from dehydration. Which property of water is most important in helping the body maintain temperature homeostasis during this condition?

Accepted Answer

Water's high heat of vaporization

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy; anabolism uses energy to build molecules.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the mitochondria in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves into the cell, causing it to swell. Which type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules from high to low concentration through a protein channel without energy input

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

It covers body surfaces and lines body cavities.

Question 11

A patient has a torn meniscus in their knee. Which type of tissue is primarily affected?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage (a type of connective tissue)

Question 12

Which of the following is true about serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line closed body cavities and secrete a lubricating fluid.

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the function of ribosomes in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins

Question 14

A person accidentally inhales a small particle. Which cellular process is most likely to be used by a macrophage to remove this particle from the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis releases substances from the cell; endocytosis brings substances into the cell.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of smooth muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Movement of food through the digestive tract

Question 17

A patient is diagnosed with a disease that affects the microvilli of their intestinal cells. Which function is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Absorption of nutrients

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the main function of connective tissue?

Accepted Answer

Providing support and binding other tissues together

Question 19

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness and fatigue. Laboratory tests reveal a defect in the structure responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances?

Accepted Answer

Hydrophobic substances repel water; hydrophilic substances are attracted to water.

Anatomy & Physiology 1005: Study Guide Breakdown

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards