Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

$$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$$

Q: Which equation correctly represents the conversion of glucose to ATP during cellular respiration?

$$\text{C}_6\text{H}_{12}\text{O}_6 + 6\text{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\text{CO}_2 + 6\text{H}_2\text{O} + 36\text{ATP}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between structure and function in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure and function are interdependent; changes in one often affect the other.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle weakness due to low extracellular potassium levels. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely involved in restoring potassium balance?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water forms hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, allowing them to dissolve.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and which process is responsible?

Accepted Answer

The cell will shrink as water leaves the cell by osmosis.

Question 6

Which of the following best distinguishes between microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules are involved in cell division, microfilaments in cell movement, and intermediate filaments in structural support.

Question 7

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of osteoclasts in bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts break down bone matrix, releasing calcium into the blood.

Question 9

A patient with hypocalcemia is given a medication that increases parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. What is the expected effect on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

Blood calcium levels will increase due to enhanced bone resorption.

Question 10

Which equation correctly represents the conversion of glucose to ATP during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{C}_6	ext{H}_{12}	ext{O}_6 + 6	ext{O}_2 ightarrow 6	ext{CO}_2 + 6	ext{H}_2	ext{O} + 36	ext{ATP}$$

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the difference between catabolism and anabolism?

Accepted Answer

Catabolism breaks down molecules to release energy; anabolism uses energy to build complex molecules.

Question 12

A neuron is at rest with a membrane potential of $$-70 mV. $$What is the primary cause of this resting potential?

Accepted Answer

Active transport of sodium out and potassium into the cell via the sodium-potassium pump.

Question 13

Which of the following events occurs first during the generation of an action potential in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

Depolarization due to sodium influx.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division prepares the body for 'fight or flight'; parasympathetic division promotes 'rest and digest'.

Question 15

Which hormone is released from the anterior pituitary in response to hypothalamic stimulation and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 16

A patient presents with symptoms of diabetes insipidus. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 17

Which of the following best explains the effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone tissue?

Accepted Answer

PTH stimulates osteoclasts to break down bone, increasing blood calcium.

Question 18

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of proteins from mRNA in the cytoplasm?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the trigger zone (axon hillock) in a neuron?

Accepted Answer

It is the site where action potentials are initiated if threshold is reached.

Question 20

A patient is experiencing symptoms of hypercalcemia. Which hormone is most likely elevated?

Accepted Answer

Calcitonin

Anatomy & Physiology: Cumulative Study Guide Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards