Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomical structure determines physiological function; what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a drop in body temperature. Which feedback mechanism is most likely to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop that triggers shivering and vasoconstriction.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a survival need for humans?

Accepted Answer

Excessive heat

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number ($$Z$$), number of protons ($$p^+$$), and number of neutrons ($$n^0) in an $$atom?

Accepted Answer

$$Z = p^+$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes a synthesis reaction in the human body?

Accepted Answer

A + B $$\rightarrow AB$$

Question 6

A solution has a pH of 4. Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is an acidic solution.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

Provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group: $$ATP ightarrow ADP + P_i + 	ext{energy}$$

Question 8

Which process best describes the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 9

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will lose water and shrink.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of tight junctions in epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Prevent leakage of extracellular fluid between adjacent cells.

Question 12

Which tissue type composes the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 14

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

Striations and intercalated discs

Question 15

Which connective tissue type provides the greatest tensile strength?

Accepted Answer

Dense regular connective tissue

Question 16

Which gland type releases its product by exocytosis without damaging the cell?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 17

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis, but not underlying tissue. How would you classify this burn?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the arrector pili muscle?

Accepted Answer

Contracts to cause hair to stand upright, producing 'goosebumps'.

Question 19

Which of the following skin cancers is the most dangerous due to its high rate of metastasis?

Accepted Answer

Melanoma

Question 20

Which equation best represents the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA_{parent} \rightarrow DNA_{parent} + DNA_{daughter}$$

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Review: Chapters 1–5 Study Guide

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