$$\text{Atomic Number} = \text{Number of Protons}$$

Question 1

Which statement best describes the principle of complementarity in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

The function of a body part is always dependent on its structure; what a structure can do depends on its specific form.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing a drop in blood glucose levels. Which feedback mechanism is most likely to restore homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A negative feedback loop that decreases insulin secretion and increases glucagon release.

Question 3

Which of the following best differentiates between matter and energy?

Accepted Answer

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, while energy is the capacity to do work or cause change.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number, protons, and neutrons in an atom?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Atomic Number} = 	ext{Number of Protons}$$

Question 5

Which of the following is a synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

$$A + B \rightarrow AB$$

Question 6

Why is water considered essential for body homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

It acts as a solvent, participates in chemical reactions, and helps regulate temperature.

Question 7

A solution has a pH of 3. Which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

The solution is acidic and has a high concentration of $$H^+$$ ions.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cell metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in its phosphate bonds and releases it to power cellular processes.

Question 9

Which transport process requires energy directly from ATP hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

Primary active transport

Question 10

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will move out of the cell, causing it to shrink.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 12

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Accepted Answer

S phase

Question 13

Which tissue type composes the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 14

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division and regeneration?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale

Question 15

Which of the following is a characteristic of cardiac muscle tissue?

Accepted Answer

It is striated and contains intercalated discs.

Question 16

A patient presents with a burn that affects both the epidermis and the entire dermis. How would you classify this burn?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn

Question 17

Which gland type releases its product by exocytosis without damaging the cell?

Accepted Answer

Merocrine gland

Question 18

Which connective tissue type provides flexible support and is found in the external ear?

Accepted Answer

Elastic cartilage

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why severe burns are life-threatening?

Accepted Answer

They cause loss of body fluids, increased risk of infection, and impaired temperature regulation.

Question 20

Which cell extension is primarily responsible for moving mucus across the surface of respiratory epithelium?

Accepted Answer

Cilia

Anatomy & Physiology Exam Review: Key Concepts and Structures

Study Guide - Practice Questions