Question 1

Which of the following best describes the correct sequence of blood flow through the heart, starting from the vena cava?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → Right ventricle → Pulmonary artery → Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta

Question 2

During which phase of the cardiac cycle are all four heart valves closed and the ventricles are contracting but no blood is ejected?

Accepted Answer

Isovolumetric contraction

Question 3

Which heart sound is associated with the closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves, and when does it occur?

Accepted Answer

First heart sound (S1), at the beginning of ventricular systole

Question 4

Which component of the intrinsic conduction system is responsible for setting the pace of the heart under normal conditions?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 5

A patient’s ECG shows absent P waves and a heart rate of 50 beats per minute. Which structure is likely pacing the heart?

Accepted Answer

Atrioventricular (AV) node

Question 6

Which type of capillary is most commonly found in the kidneys and small intestine, and is characterized by pores that increase permeability?

Accepted Answer

Fenestrated capillary

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = CO 	imes TPR$$

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms assists veins in returning blood to the heart, especially from the lower limbs?

Accepted Answer

Skeletal muscle pump

Question 9

Which of the following is a primary lymphoid organ where T lymphocytes mature?

Accepted Answer

Thymus

Question 10

What is the main function of the spleen in the lymphatic system?

Accepted Answer

Filtering blood and removing old red blood cells

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptors in blood pressure regulation?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in arterial pressure and initiate reflexes to maintain homeostasis.

Question 12

Which of the following is a secondary lymphoid organ where immune responses are initiated?

Accepted Answer

Lymph node

Question 13

Which layer of the blood vessel wall is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the function of MALT (Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue)?

Accepted Answer

Protects mucosal surfaces from pathogens

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding the origin and maturation of B and T lymphocytes?

Accepted Answer

Both originate in the bone marrow; B cells mature in bone marrow, T cells mature in thymus.

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the pulmonary artery. Which of the following will be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Blood flow from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic conduction systems of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic system generates impulses within the heart; extrinsic system modifies heart rate via nervous and hormonal input.

Question 18

Which of the following arteries is a major supplier of blood to the brain?

Accepted Answer

Internal carotid artery

Question 19

Which of the following veins is responsible for draining blood from the lower limbs back to the heart?

Accepted Answer

Inferior vena cava

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of Peyer’s patches?

Accepted Answer

They monitor intestinal bacteria and prevent the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the intestines.

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