Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure determines function, and function influences structure.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT considered a necessary life function for humans?

Accepted Answer

Digestion of inorganic minerals

Question 3

A patient is experiencing an imbalance in blood glucose levels. Which type of feedback mechanism is most likely involved in restoring homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback loop

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship between atomic number ($$Z$$), mass number ($$A$$), and number of neutrons ($$N) in an $$atom?

Accepted Answer

$$A = Z + N$$

Question 5

Which of the following best describes an isotope?

Accepted Answer

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 6

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$[H^+] = 1 	imes 10$$^{-4}$$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = 4$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration synthesis builds polymers from monomers by removing water.

Question 8

Which type of chemical bond holds water molecules together?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bond

Question 9

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 10

Which organelle is primarily responsible for producing ATP in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$Na^+/K^+-$$ATPase)?

Accepted Answer

It moves $$Na^+$$ out of the cell and $$K^+$$ into the cell, using ATP.

Question 12

Which of the following is a major difference between active and passive transport across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Active transport requires energy input, while passive transport does not.

Question 13

During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Copying DNA into mRNA

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of rRNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes peptide bond formation

Question 16

Which of the following is a distinguishing characteristic of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

They act as biological catalysts to speed up reactions.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A compound consists of two or more elements chemically bonded, while a mixture is a physical blend of substances.

Question 19

Which of the following is a property of water that is important for life?

Accepted Answer

Ability to dissolve many substances (universal solvent)

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Cellular Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions