Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy is the study of the structure of body parts, while physiology is the study of how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing difficulty with equilibrium and balance. Which anatomical structure is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Cranial cavity

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose levels by insulin

Question 4

Which plane divides the body into right and left halves?

Accepted Answer

Sagittal plane

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $1 	imes 10^{-7}$ M. What is its pH?

Accepted Answer

$pH = 7$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the importance of ionic bonding and electrolytes in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Electrolytes are necessary for nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.

Question 7

Which of the following is a hydrophilic molecule?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution and swells until it bursts. What type of solution is it in?

Accepted Answer

Hypotonic

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

ATP production through cellular respiration

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Providing genetic information

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids that can move laterally within the membrane.

Question 13

Which process moves substances from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, requiring energy?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 14

A patient has a blood pH of 7.2. What is this condition called?

Accepted Answer

Acidosis

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

Forming a selectively permeable barrier

Question 16

Which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 17

Which of the following best describes osmosis?

Accepted Answer

Movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about enzymes?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions.

Question 19

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will shrink as water leaves the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of the relationship between structure and function in anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Structure and function are interrelated; changes in one can affect the other.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundational Concepts and Cellular Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions