Question 1

Which of the following best describes the principle of complementarity of structure and function in human anatomy?

Accepted Answer

The function of a body part depends on its specific structure, and structure is adapted to perform specific functions.

Question 2

A patient is unable to maintain a stable internal temperature after exposure to cold weather. Which functional characteristic necessary to maintain life is most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates a negative feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Regulation of blood glucose by insulin

Question 4

A patient is lying face up with arms at the sides and palms facing forward. This describes which anatomical position?

Accepted Answer

Supine

Question 5

Which of the following body cavities contains the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Thoracic cavity

Question 6

Which serous membrane directly covers the surface of the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Visceral pleura

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements that form the bulk of the human body?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 8

A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6? Use the formula $$	ext{Difference} = 10$$^{|pH_1 - pH_2|}$$.

Accepted Answer

$$10^3 = 1000$ times

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a covalent bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms

Question 10

During vigorous exercise, muscle cells use up oxygen and switch to anaerobic metabolism, producing lactic acid. Which body system is primarily responsible for removing excess lactic acid from the blood?

Accepted Answer

Urinary system

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of a decomposition reaction in the body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis of proteins into amino acids

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular metabolism?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular processes by releasing a phosphate group.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about enzymes is correct?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Question 14

A patient with a genetic disorder has a mutation that causes all of their proteins to lose their tertiary structure at body temperature. Which level of protein structure is still intact?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 15

Which of the following best distinguishes between a compound and a mixture?

Accepted Answer

A compound has components chemically bonded in fixed proportions, while a mixture has components physically combined in variable proportions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct comparison between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA is usually double-stranded, while RNA is usually single-stranded.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the process of dehydration synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Forming larger molecules from smaller ones by removing a water molecule

Question 18

Which of the following is a polar molecule important for maintaining homeostasis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Water ($$H_2O)$$

Question 19

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following pH values would most likely be found in their blood?

Accepted Answer

pH 7.2

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why water is an effective solvent in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Water is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with many solutes.

Anatomy & Physiology: Foundations and Body Chemistry Study Guide

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