Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of the digestive system?

Accepted Answer

To break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste

Question 2

A patient presents with difficulty absorbing nutrients in the small intestine. Which structure is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Villi

Question 3

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of gastric juice in the stomach?

Accepted Answer

Gastrin

Question 4

During cellular respiration, what is the correct sequence of metabolic pathways for glucose breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis → Krebs cycle → Electron transport chain

Question 5

A patient with diabetes insipidus has a deficiency in which hormone, leading to excessive urination?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 6

Which equation correctly represents the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for blood pH buffering?

Accepted Answer

$$pH = pK_a + \log_{10} \left( \frac{[$$HCO_3$$^-]}{[H_2CO_3]} \right)$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why aldosterone increases blood pressure?

Accepted Answer

It increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, leading to water retention.

Question 8

A patient is unable to concentrate urine. Which part of the nephron is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Loop of Henle

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct formula for calculating Body Mass Index (BMI)?

Accepted Answer

$$BMI = \frac{weight\ (kg)}{[height\ (m)]^2}$$

Question 10

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain

Question 11

A patient with metabolic acidosis is likely to have which of the following laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

Decreased blood pH and decreased bicarbonate ($$HCO_3$$^-$$)

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the role of the liver in digestion?

Accepted Answer

Produces bile to emulsify fats

Question 13

Which hormone is released in response to high blood osmolarity and acts to conserve water?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the process of gene expression?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of DNA to RNA and then to protein

Question 15

A patient with a mutation in the SRY gene would most likely have abnormalities in which system?

Accepted Answer

Reproductive system

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of gametes?

Accepted Answer

Gametes are formed by meiosis and are haploid.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the role of the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

It filters blood, reabsorbs needed substances, and secretes wastes into urine.

Question 18

A patient with a genetic disorder affecting chloride channels is likely to have which condition?

Accepted Answer

Cystic fibrosis

Question 19

Which of the following best explains the concept of metabolic homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The balance between energy intake and energy expenditure

Question 20

Which of the following is a real-life example of negative feedback in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of insulin in response to high blood glucose

Anatomy & Physiology IV (BIOS256) Pacing Guide and Weekly Study Structure

Study Guide - Practice Questions