Question 1

A patient’s blood sample agglutinates with anti-A and anti-Rh antibodies, but not with anti-B antibodies. What is the patient’s blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type A+

Question 2

Which of the following best describes the function of the pulmonary trunk in the heart?

Accepted Answer

It carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Question 3

During blood typing, which antigen-antibody reaction would result in agglutination if a person with type B blood receives type A blood?

Accepted Answer

Anti-A antibodies react with A antigens.

Question 4

Which structure is responsible for preventing backflow of blood from the right ventricle to the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Tricuspid valve

Question 5

If a person has a deficiency in eosinophils, which of the following would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

Response to parasitic infections and allergic reactions

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the flow of blood through the heart, starting from the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary trunk → lungs → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 7

Which layer of the artery is primarily responsible for maintaining blood pressure through vasoconstriction and vasodilation?

Accepted Answer

Tunica media

Question 8

A patient with type O- blood needs a transfusion. Which blood type is safest to give?

Accepted Answer

Type O-

Question 9

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the thyroid gland?

Accepted Answer

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

Produces steroid hormones such as cortisol and aldosterone

Question 11

A patient’s blood smear shows an abnormally high number of lymphocytes. Which condition is most likely?

Accepted Answer

Viral infection

Question 12

Which of the following formulas correctly calculates cardiac output ($CO$) given heart rate ($HR$) and stroke volume ($SV$)?

Accepted Answer

$CO = HR 	imes SV$

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct order of blood flow through the nephron in the kidney?

Accepted Answer

Glomerulus → proximal tubule → loop of Henle → distal tubule → collecting duct

Question 14

Which cell type in the pancreas is responsible for producing insulin?

Accepted Answer

Beta cells

Question 15

A patient is experiencing difficulty breathing due to a blockage in the trachea. Which respiratory volume would be most affected?

Accepted Answer

Tidal volume

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the function of the mitral (bicuspid) valve?

Accepted Answer

Prevents backflow from the left ventricle to the left atrium

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of neutrophils in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytize bacteria and cellular debris

Question 18

If a person’s blood pressure is measured as 120/80 mmHg, what does the 80 mmHg value represent?

Accepted Answer

Diastolic pressure

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of the semilunar valves in the heart?

Accepted Answer

Prevent backflow of blood into the ventricles after contraction

Question 20

Which formula correctly calculates the mean arterial pressure ($MAP$) given systolic ($SP$) and diastolic ($DP$) pressures?

Accepted Answer

$MAP = DP + \frac{1}{3}(SP - DP)$

Anatomy & Physiology Lab Study Guide: Blood, Heart, Endocrine, and Microscopy

Study Guide - Practice Questions