Question 1

Which of the following best describes the concept of homeostasis in human physiology?

Accepted Answer

The maintenance of a stable internal environment despite changes in the external environment.

Question 2

A patient’s blood glucose rises after a meal. The pancreas releases insulin, which lowers blood glucose back to normal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative feedback

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing DNA during cell division

Question 4

Which directional term best describes the position of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

Medial

Question 5

Which of the following statements about ATP is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

ATP stores energy in the bonds between its phosphate groups, especially the terminal phosphate.

Question 6

A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 6? Use the formula $$	ext{pH} = -\log_{10}[H^+].$$

Accepted Answer

1,000 times

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 8

Which of the following is a property of water that makes it essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It has a high heat capacity, allowing it to buffer temperature changes.

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify uterine contractions.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the structure of a phospholipid in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

A hydrophilic (polar) head and two hydrophobic (nonpolar) tails

Question 11

Which of the following elements is NOT commonly found in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Lead (Pb)

Question 12

A patient is unable to absorb nutrients properly due to damage in the small intestine. Which specialization of the plasma membrane is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Microvilli

Question 13

Which of the following best explains why enzymes are important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

They lower the activation energy required for chemical reactions.

Question 14

Which of the following is a correct example of an ionic bond?

Accepted Answer

The attraction between Na$$^+$$ and Cl$$^- in $$table salt

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Acids release H$$^+$$ ions in solution, while bases accept H$$^+$$ ions.

Question 16

A patient is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. Which of the following could be a likely cause based on the properties of acids and bases?

Accepted Answer

Excess production of H$$^+$$ ions in the body

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of carbohydrates in the body?

Accepted Answer

They provide a primary source of energy for cells.

Question 18

Which of the following statements about the cell theory is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All living things are composed of multiple cells.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a tissue that is specialized for rapid communication and control. Which type of tissue is she most likely studying?

Accepted Answer

Nervous tissue

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a property of water that contributes to its role in the human body?

Accepted Answer

It is a good conductor of electricity in its pure form.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Foundational Concepts, Chemistry, and Cells

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