Question 1

Which of the following best describes how a hormone exerts its effect on a body cell?

Accepted Answer

By attaching to a specific receptor on its target cell

Question 2

A patient has suffered damage to their Schwann cells. Which of the following is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Decreased myelination of peripheral nerves

Question 3

During an action potential, which ion is primarily responsible for the depolarization phase?

Accepted Answer

Sodium ($$Na^+)$$

Question 4

Which of the following best explains the 'all or nothing' principle of action potentials?

Accepted Answer

A neuron will only fire if the threshold is reached, otherwise it will not fire at all

Question 5

A patient presents with difficulty seeing in dim light but can see colors normally. Which photoreceptor is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Rods

Question 6

Which of the following structures is responsible for maintaining the shape of the eyeball and preventing its collapse?

Accepted Answer

Vitreous humor

Question 7

A person is unable to distinguish between sweet and bitter tastes but can still detect salty, sour, and umami. Which cranial nerves are most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Facial (VII) and Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the pancreas when blood glucose levels are low?

Accepted Answer

Secretes glucagon to raise blood glucose

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of steps in a reflex arc?

Accepted Answer

Receptor → Sensory neuron → Integration center → Motor neuron → Effector

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between graded potentials and action potentials?

Accepted Answer

Graded potentials can summate and vary in amplitude, while action potentials are all-or-nothing

Question 11

A patient has a tumor compressing the choroid plexus. Which of the following functions is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Production of cerebrospinal fluid ($$CSF)$$

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the tarsal glands?

Accepted Answer

Lubricate the eye with oily secretions

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of follicle-stimulating hormone ($$FSH$$)?

Accepted Answer

Stimulates development of ovarian follicles in females

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of the olfactory receptors?

Accepted Answer

They are chemoreceptors found in the nasal cavity

Question 15

Which of the following structures is involved in dynamic equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Semicircular canals

Question 16

Which connective tissue layer wraps around individual nerve fibers (axons) in a peripheral nerve?

Accepted Answer

Endoneurium

Question 17

A patient is unable to produce milk after childbirth. Which hormone is most likely deficient?

Accepted Answer

Prolactin

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the pupil?

Accepted Answer

Regulates the amount of light entering the eye

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the direction of potassium ion ($$K^+) $$movement during the repolarization phase of an action potential?

Accepted Answer

$$K^+$$ diffuses out of the cell into the tissue fluid

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between the dura mater and pia mater?

Accepted Answer

Dura mater is more durable and forms the outermost meningeal layer, while pia mater is delicate and closely adheres to the brain and spinal cord

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Hormones, Nervous System, and Sensory Structures

Study Guide - Practice Questions

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