Question 1

Which of the following best describes the three main functions of the nervous system as illustrated in the first image?

Accepted Answer

Sensory input, integration, and motor output

Question 2

In the second image, which structure is part of the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and NOT the central nervous system (CNS)?

Accepted Answer

Cranial nerves

Question 3

Based on the third image, what is the primary function of microglial cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Defend against pathogens and clean up debris

Question 4

Referencing the fourth image, what is the main role of ependymal cells in the CNS?

Accepted Answer

Circulate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) with their cilia

Question 5

According to the fifth image, which function is NOT performed by astrocytes?

Accepted Answer

Form myelin sheaths

Question 6

In the sixth image, oligodendrocytes are shown wrapping axons in the CNS. What is the primary purpose of this myelination?

Accepted Answer

Increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

Question 7

The seventh image shows Schwann cells and satellite cells in the PNS. Which statement is correct regarding Schwann cells?

Accepted Answer

They form myelin sheaths around PNS axons

Question 8

In the eighth image, which part of the neuron is responsible for transmitting impulses away from the cell body?

Accepted Answer

Axon

Question 9

The ninth image illustrates the process of myelination by Schwann cells. What is the result of this process?

Accepted Answer

Formation of nodes of Ranvier

Question 10

In the tenth image, what does the dark ring surrounding the axon represent?

Accepted Answer

Myelin sheath

Question 11

The eleventh image shows a voltmeter measuring the resting membrane potential of a neuron. What is the typical value for this potential?

Accepted Answer

$$-70\ 	ext{mV}$$

Question 12

In the twelfth image, which type of ion channel opens in response to a neurotransmitter binding?

Accepted Answer

Chemically gated ion channel

Question 13

Based on the thirteenth image, which muscle type is found in the walls of hollow organs (other than the heart)?

Accepted Answer

Smooth muscle

Question 14

In the fourteenth image, which connective tissue layer surrounds individual muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Endomysium

Question 15

Referencing the fifteenth image, which structure is responsible for the banded appearance of skeletal muscle fibers?

Accepted Answer

Myofibrils

Question 16

In the sixteenth image, what is the functional unit of a skeletal muscle fiber?

Accepted Answer

Sarcomere

Question 17

The seventeenth image shows a cross-section of a muscle fiber. Which band is associated with the presence of thick filaments?

Accepted Answer

A band

Question 18

In the eighteenth image, which part of the myosin molecule binds to actin during muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

Myosin head

Question 19

According to the nineteenth image, which regulatory protein blocks the myosin-binding sites on actin in a relaxed muscle?

Accepted Answer

Tropomyosin

Question 20

A patient presents with muscle weakness and drooping eyelids. Which disease, related to the neuromuscular junction, is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Myasthenia gravis

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide: Nervous and Muscle Tissue

Study Guide - Practice Questions