Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between an organ and an organ system?

Accepted Answer

An organ is a group of similar cells performing a specific function, while an organ system is a group of organs working together to perform complex functions.

Question 2

A patient is experiencing muscle cramps due to an imbalance in their body's feedback systems. Which of the following best explains the role of a negative feedback system in maintaining homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A negative feedback system detects a change and initiates responses that reverse the change, returning the body to its set point.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Ability to remain unchanged in response to the environment

Question 4

A scientist is studying the plasma membrane using the Fluid Mosaic Model. Which statement best describes the structure of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that can move laterally within the layer.

Question 5

Which of the following best defines osmosis?

Accepted Answer

The movement of water molecules from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration across a selectively permeable membrane.

Question 6

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will happen to the cell, and why?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst because water enters the cell by osmosis.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the function of mitochondria in a typical animal cell?

Accepted Answer

They produce ATP through cellular respiration, providing energy for cellular activities.

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + ATP$

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a large number of ribosomes attached to its endoplasmic reticulum. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for export out of the cell

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between exocytosis and endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis moves substances out of the cell, while endocytosis brings substances into the cell.

Question 11

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the function of lysosomes. Which cellular process is most likely to be impaired?

Accepted Answer

Breakdown of waste materials and cellular debris

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of the serous membrane?

Accepted Answer

It lines body cavities and reduces friction between organs by secreting serous fluid.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct sequence of the levels of organization in the human body from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration as the cell; hypertonic solutions have higher solute concentration than the cell; hypotonic solutions have lower solute concentration than the cell.

Question 15

A cell is placed in a solution and begins to shrink. Which type of solution is the cell in, and what is the direction of water movement?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic; water moves out of the cell

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

The double helix unwinds and each strand serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand.

Question 17

Which of the following equations represents the process of glycolysis?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow 2C_3H_4O_3 + 2ATP + 2NADH$

Question 18

A cell is observed to have a high rate of phagocytosis. Which organelle is most likely to be abundant in this cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosomes

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

It is involved in the synthesis and modification of proteins destined for secretion or for use in the cell membrane.

Question 20

A mutation prevents the formation of tight junctions between epithelial cells. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Substances may leak between cells, compromising the barrier function of the epithelium.

Anatomy & Physiology: Study Guide on Human Body Organization, Cells, and Tissues

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards