Question 1

Which directional term best describes the position of the heart relative to the lungs?

Accepted Answer

The heart is medial to the lungs.

Question 2

A patient suffers a burn that destroys both the epidermis and the entire dermis, exposing underlying tissue. According to the rule of nines, which type of burn is this and what is a major risk associated with it?

Accepted Answer

Third-degree burn; risk of fluid loss and infection

Question 3

Which of the following best describes the function of peroxisomes in a human cell?

Accepted Answer

They detoxify harmful substances and break down free radicals.

Question 4

A scientist is studying a molecule with the formula $C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$. Which class of biomolecule does this represent, and what is its primary function in the body?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate; quick energy source

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why water is considered the 'universal solvent' in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Water dissolves more substances than any other liquid due to its polarity.

Question 6

A patient is experiencing hypothermia. Which physiological response is most likely to occur to help maintain homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Vasoconstriction of skin blood vessels and inactivation of sweat glands

Question 7

Which of the following organelles is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are exported from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 8

A cell is observed to have a large number of mitochondria. What can you infer about the function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

It requires a large amount of energy for its activities.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the function of keratin in the integumentary system?

Accepted Answer

Keratin makes the skin, hair, and nails durable and water-resistant.

Question 10

A person is exposed to a harmful chemical that damages the plasma membrane of their cells. Which of the following is most likely to be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability of the cell to regulate the movement of substances in and out

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the relationship between the cranial and spinal cavities?

Accepted Answer

The cranial cavity is superior to the spinal cavity.

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct pairing of a tissue type and its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue: supports and binds other tissues

Question 13

A patient has a genetic disorder affecting the production of collagen. Which of the following symptoms would you most likely expect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased skin toughness and poor wound healing

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of hydrolysis in the body?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis breaks down molecules by adding water.

Question 15

A cell is unable to form a mitotic spindle during cell division. Which organelle is most likely malfunctioning?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why the skin is considered an organ?

Accepted Answer

It is made up of multiple tissue types working together for a common function.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Packaging and modifying proteins for secretion

Question 18

A person is unable to sweat due to a genetic condition. Which of the following is a likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Difficulty regulating body temperature during heat exposure

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of elastin in the skin?

Accepted Answer

Elastin gives the skin its elasticity and ability to return to shape after stretching.

Question 20

A patient has a mutation that prevents the formation of glycoproteins on the cell surface. Which of the following cellular functions would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Cell recognition and communication

Anatomy & Physiology Test Review: Key Concepts and Terminology

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