$$SV = EDV - ESV = 120\,\text{mL} - 50\,\text{mL} = 70\,\text{mL}$$

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (\text{Systolic} - \text{Diastolic}) + \text{Diastolic} = \frac{1}{3} (120 - 80) + 80 = 93.3\,\text{mmHg}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

A patient presents with bradycardia. Which of the following best defines bradycardia?

Accepted Answer

A heart rate below 60 beats per minute.

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for the autorhythmicity of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Question 4

During ventricular systole, which heart sound is produced and what causes it?

Accepted Answer

The 'lub' sound, caused by closure of the atrioventricular valves.

Question 5

Which equation correctly calculates cardiac output ($$CO$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 6

A patient has an end-diastolic volume ($$EDV) of 120 mL $$and an end-systolic volume ($$ESV) of 50 mL. $$What is the stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$SV = EDV - ESV = 120\,	ext{mL} - 50\,	ext{mL} = 70\,	ext{mL}$$

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why veins are called high capacitance vessels?

Accepted Answer

They can stretch and hold a large volume of blood with little increase in pressure.

Question 8

Which hormone increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction and stimulating aldosterone release?

Accepted Answer

Angiotensin II

Question 9

If a patient has a systolic blood pressure of 120 mmHg and a diastolic blood pressure of 80 mmHg, what is the mean arterial pressure ($$MAP$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$MAP = \frac{1}{3} (	ext{Systolic} - 	ext{Diastolic}) + 	ext{Diastolic} = \frac{1}{3} (120 - 80) + 80 = 93.3\,	ext{mmHg}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the Frank-Starling law of the heart?

Accepted Answer

The greater the stretch of cardiac muscle fibers, the greater the force of contraction.

Question 11

Which of the following is a primary concern during myocardial ischemia?

Accepted Answer

Lack of oxygen supply to cardiac tissue

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of baroreceptors?

Accepted Answer

They detect changes in blood pressure and send signals to the cardiovascular centers.

Question 13

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the path of blood through the heart starting at the right atrium?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the Haldane effect?

Accepted Answer

Deoxygenated hemoglobin increases the ability to carry carbon dioxide.

Question 15

Which equation correctly calculates alveolar ventilation rate ($$AVR$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$AVR = (TV - 	ext{Dead Space}) 	imes 	ext{Respiratory Rate}$$

Question 16

Which of the following factors would enhance the unloading of oxygen from hemoglobin in tissues?

Accepted Answer

Increased temperature, increased $$CO_2$$, and decreased pH

Question 17

A patient is experiencing respiratory acidosis. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

Accepted Answer

Hypoventilation leading to increased $$CO_2 in $$the blood

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the function of the mucociliary escalator?

Accepted Answer

It moves mucus and trapped particles upward toward the pharynx for removal.

Question 19

Which of the following is a characteristic of capillaries that distinguishes them from other blood vessels?

Accepted Answer

They are the primary site of exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes.

ANP College Course Study Guide: Cardiovascular and Respiratory System

Study Guide - Practice Questions