Question 1

Which of the following best describes the relationship between anatomy and physiology?

Accepted Answer

Anatomy studies the structure of body parts, while physiology studies how those parts function.

Question 2

A patient is given an intravenous solution with an osmolarity of 400 mOsm/L. The patient's red blood cells have an internal osmolarity of 300 mOsm/L. What will happen to the red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

They will shrink as water leaves the cells by osmosis.

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct description of a negative feedback mechanism?

Accepted Answer

It reverses a change in a controlled condition, bringing the system back toward its set point.

Question 4

Which of the following best describes the role of ATP in cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

ATP provides energy for cellular work by releasing a phosphate group to become ADP.

Question 5

A solution has a hydrogen ion concentration of $$1 	imes 10$$^{-5}$$ M. What is its pH, and is it acidic, basic, or neutral?

Accepted Answer

pH = 5; the solution is acidic.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why water is considered a polar molecule?

Accepted Answer

The oxygen atom is more electronegative, creating a partial negative charge near oxygen and a partial positive charge near hydrogen.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the sodium-potassium pump ($$\mathrm{Na^+/K^+}-$$ATPase) in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It transports sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients using energy from ATP.

Question 8

A cell is placed in a solution containing 0.9% NaCl and does not change in volume. What term best describes this solution relative to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Isotonic

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between facilitated diffusion and active transport?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion moves substances down their concentration gradient without energy input, while active transport moves substances against their gradient using ATP.

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of connective tissue but NOT of epithelial tissue?

Accepted Answer

Cells are separated by abundant extracellular matrix.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the serous membranes?

Accepted Answer

They line and cover organs within the ventral body cavities, reducing friction between moving organs.

Question 12

A patient with a genetic defect in collagen synthesis would most likely have problems with which tissue type?

Accepted Answer

Connective tissue

Question 13

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the difference between the axial and appendicular skeleton?

Accepted Answer

The axial skeleton forms the central supporting axis of the body, while the appendicular skeleton includes the limbs and girdles.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the process of endochondral ossification?

Accepted Answer

Cartilage is replaced by bone; this process forms most bones below the base of the skull.

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why a buffer is important in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Buffers prevent changes in pH by binding or releasing hydrogen ions as needed.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct example of a positive feedback mechanism in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Blood clotting during injury.

Question 17

A patient is unable to sweat due to a genetic disorder. Which accessory structure of the skin is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Sudoriferous glands

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in skeletal muscle contraction?

Accepted Answer

It stores and releases calcium ions necessary for muscle contraction.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the propagation of an action potential in a myelinated axon?

Accepted Answer

The action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next, a process called saltatory conduction.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the function of the blood-brain barrier?

Accepted Answer

It protects the brain by restricting the passage of certain substances from the blood into the brain tissue.

ANP College Course Study Guide: Chapters 1–15

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards