$$CO = 80 \times 70 = 5600\ \text{mL/min}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the function of the chordae tendineae in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They prevent the atrioventricular valves from inverting into the atria during ventricular contraction.

Question 2

During which phase of the cardiac cycle do the ventricles fill with blood due to atrial contraction?

Accepted Answer

Diastole

Question 3

Which structure is responsible for setting the pace of the heartbeat and is known as the heart's natural pacemaker?

Accepted Answer

SA node

Question 4

Blood returning from the systemic circuit enters the heart through which chamber?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why the left ventricle has a thicker wall than the right ventricle?

Accepted Answer

It must generate higher pressure to pump blood through the systemic circuit.

Question 6

If the AV node is damaged, which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

The ventricles will contract at a slower rate than the atria.

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that a cardiac action potential travels through the conduction system?

Accepted Answer

SA node → internodal pathways → AV node → bundle of His → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents cardiac output ($$CO) in $$terms of heart rate ($$HR) $$and stroke volume ($$SV$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = HR 	imes SV$$

Question 9

A patient has a heart rate of 80 beats per minute and a stroke volume of 70 mL per beat. What is their cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

$$CO = 80 	imes 70 = 5600\ 	ext{mL/min}$$

Question 10

Which valve prevents backflow of blood into the left ventricle after it contracts?

Accepted Answer

Aortic semilunar valve

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the Purkinje fibers in the heart?

Accepted Answer

They rapidly conduct the action potential to the ventricular myocardium, causing coordinated ventricular contraction.

Question 12

Which of the following would most likely result from a blockage in the left coronary artery?

Accepted Answer

Decreased oxygen delivery to the left side of the heart, potentially causing myocardial infarction.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about the cardiac cycle is correct?

Accepted Answer

Ventricular systole occurs when the ventricles contract and pump blood into the arteries.

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the pulmonary circuit is a low-pressure system compared to the systemic circuit?

Accepted Answer

The pulmonary circuit only needs to pump blood to the lungs, which are close to the heart.

Question 15

Which of the following is a direct result of ventricular diastole?

Accepted Answer

The ventricles fill with blood from the atria.

Question 16

A patient has a blockage in the right bundle branch. Which of the following is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

Delayed depolarization of the right ventricle.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of the AV node?

Accepted Answer

It delays the electrical impulse to allow the atria to contract before the ventricles.

Question 18

Which of the following is the correct path of blood flow through the heart and lungs?

Accepted Answer

Right atrium → right ventricle → pulmonary artery → lungs → pulmonary vein → left atrium → left ventricle → aorta

Question 19

Which part of the brain regulates the basic rhythm of the heartbeat?

Accepted Answer

Medulla oblongata

Question 20

Which of the following would most likely increase cardiac output?

Accepted Answer

Increased sympathetic stimulation

ANP College Study Guide: The Heart (Structure, Function, and Physiology)

Study Guide - Practice Questions