Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main function of the Stratum Basale in the epidermis?

Accepted Answer

It is the primary site of keratinocyte mitosis, generating new skin cells.

Question 2

A patient presents with a burn that is red, painful, and blisters are present. According to the classification of burns, which degree of burn does this patient most likely have?

Accepted Answer

Second-degree burn

Question 3

Which pigment is primarily responsible for the brown coloration of human skin, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Melanin; protects DNA from ultraviolet (UV) radiation

Question 4

Which of the following statements about eccrine and apocrine sweat glands is CORRECT?

Accepted Answer

Eccrine glands are distributed widely across the body and play a major role in thermoregulation.

Question 5

Which tissue type is found in the papillary layer of the dermis, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Areolar connective tissue; supports and nourishes the epidermis

Question 6

A 60-year-old patient presents with a suspicious skin lesion. According to the ABCD rule for skin cancer, which of the following is NOT part of the rule?

Accepted Answer

Diameter less than 2 mm

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the integumentary system’s chemical barrier?

Accepted Answer

Secretion of acidic sweat to inhibit bacterial growth

Question 8

Which type of cartilage is found in the intervertebral discs, and what is its main function?

Accepted Answer

Fibrocartilage; resists compression and absorbs shock

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the structure and function of the osteon in compact bone?

Accepted Answer

A cylindrical unit containing concentric lamellae surrounding a central canal

Question 10

During endochondral ossification, which of the following occurs FIRST?

Accepted Answer

Development of a bone collar around the diaphysis

Question 11

Which hormone increases blood calcium levels by stimulating osteoclast activity, and what is the formula for the change in blood calcium concentration ($$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$]) if 5 mg/dL is $$released from bone?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); $$\Delta [Ca$$^{2+}$$] = +5 mg/dL$$

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE regarding the composition of bone matrix?

Accepted Answer

The organic part contains collagen fibers, while the inorganic part contains calcium phosphate crystals.

Question 13

A child is diagnosed with a fracture at the epiphyseal plate. Why is this clinically significant?

Accepted Answer

It may impair future bone growth in length.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the difference between red and yellow bone marrow?

Accepted Answer

Red marrow is the site of hematopoiesis, while yellow marrow stores triglycerides.

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of a flat bone, and what is its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Sternum; protects underlying organs

Question 16

A patient with a third-degree burn is at high risk for which of the following complications, and why?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration, because the skin barrier is destroyed

Question 17

Which bone cell type is responsible for bone resorption, and what is the chemical reaction for hydroxyapatite breakdown?

Accepted Answer

Osteoclast; $$Ca_{10}(PO_4$)_6(OH)_2 \rightarrow 10Ca$$^{2+}$$ + 6PO_4$$^{3-}$$ + 2OH$$^{-}$$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of friction ridges in the skin?

Accepted Answer

They enhance grip by increasing surface area and friction.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the effect of calcitonin on blood calcium levels?

Accepted Answer

It decreases blood calcium by inhibiting osteoclast activity.

Question 20

A 25-year-old athlete suffers a fracture in the diaphysis of the femur. Which structure is most likely to be damaged, and what is its function?

Accepted Answer

Periosteum; provides nourishment and attachment for tendons and ligaments

ANP Study Guide: Integumentary and Skeletal System Review

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards