Question 1

Which of the following is a major effect of parasympathetic activation?

Accepted Answer

Constriction of the pupils and increased digestive gland secretion

Question 2

All parasympathetic neurons release which neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 3

Which type of cholinergic receptor is found on postganglionic neurons of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Nicotinic receptor

Question 4

Muscarinic receptors are best described as:

Accepted Answer

G protein-coupled receptors that can be excitatory or inhibitory

Question 5

Which of the following best describes the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?

Accepted Answer

Sympathetic division has widespread effects and extensive divergence

Question 6

In the sympathetic division, which neurotransmitter is most commonly released by postganglionic fibers at target organs?

Accepted Answer

Norepinephrine

Question 7

Which of the following organs receives only sympathetic innervation?

Accepted Answer

Blood vessels

Question 8

What is the functional significance of dual innervation in the autonomic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

It provides precise and opposing control over vital organ function

Question 9

Which of the following best describes autonomic tone?

Accepted Answer

A resting level of activity that allows for increases or decreases in response

Question 10

Which neurotransmitter is released by parasympathetic postganglionic fibers to slow the heart rate?

Accepted Answer

Acetylcholine

Question 11

Which of the following is true regarding visceral reflexes?

Accepted Answer

They can be modified by higher brain centers such as the hypothalamus

Question 12

Which type of visceral reflex bypasses the central nervous system and controls localized activity within an organ?

Accepted Answer

Short reflex

Question 13

The enteric nervous system is capable of:

Accepted Answer

Controlling digestive functions independently of the CNS

Question 14

Which brain region is essential for memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

Amygdaloid body and hippocampus

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of memory consolidation?

Accepted Answer

The conversion of short-term memory into long-term memory

Question 16

Which neurotransmitter is linked to the formation of long-term memories via NMDA receptors?

Accepted Answer

Glutamate

Question 17

Which sleep state is characterized by active dreaming, rapid eye movements, and an EEG pattern similar to the awake state?

Accepted Answer

REM sleep

Question 18

A patient with damage to the hippocampus would most likely experience which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Inability to form new long-term memories

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why the sympathetic division can produce widespread effects?

Accepted Answer

It has extensive divergence and releases neurotransmitters into the bloodstream

Question 20

Which of the following is a characteristic of higher-order brain functions?

Accepted Answer

They require the cerebral cortex and are subject to adjustment over time

Autonomic Nervous System: Parasympathetic Division, Neurotransmitters, Dual Innervation, and Higher-Order Functions

Study Guide - Practice Questions